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Apis florea in Jordan: source of the founder population

Apis florea en Jordanie: origine de la population fondatrice

Apis florea in Jordanien: Ursprung der Gründerpopulation

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Abstract

A recent isolated population of Apis florea has been reported from Aqaba in Jordan at the Red Sea, consisting of numerous colonies within a still limited range which apparently is expanding. This region is about 1500 km apart from its next occurrences in Sudan where it had been introduced and first detected in 1985 and about 2000 km apart from its next natural occurrences in Iran and Oman. These bees apparently have been imported by human transport, most likely by ship. This new location thus represents a major jump in the progression of the species still to fill a wide area of possible locations offering adequate living conditions. Here we attempt to track the possible origin of this new population by morphometric methods. This analysis indicated closest relation to A. florea from Oman, thus being the most likely source of this population.

Zusammenfassung

Vor kurzer Zeit wurde ein aus zahlreichen Völkern in einem begrenzten Areal bestehendes Vorkommen von Apis florae in Aqaba, Jordanien aufgefunden, etwa 1500 km von seinen nächsten Nachbarn im Westen und 2000 km von denen im Osten entfernt.

Um die mögliche Herkunft dieser neuen Population zu bestimmen, führten wir eine Hauptfaktorenanalyse anhand von 10 an 870 einzelnen Arbeiterinnen aus 50 Völkern von 28 Herkunftsorten gewonnenen morphometrischen Merkmalen durch (Abb. 1 und zusätzliches Onlinematerial zu den Herkunftsorten). Das Hauptkomponentendiagramm zeigte zwei getrennte Morphokluster, von denen der erste von kleineren Bienen von Südindien und Sri Lanka, der zweite von größeren Bienen aus Iran in einer Abseitsposition und von den Bienen aus Sudan, Oman, Jordanien und Pakistan gebildet wurde. In den Diagrammen einer die Koloniemittelwerte aus den 6 Ländern mit mehr als einem Volk und die gleichen 10 morphometrischen Merkmale umfassenden Diskriminanzanalyse lagen die Völker aus Jordanien und Sudan innerhalb der gleichen 90 % Vertrauensellipse mit den Völkern von Pakistan und Oman (Abb. 2). Die quadrierten Mahalanobisabstände der Gruppenzentroide zeigten, das die Völker aus Jordanien höchstwahrscheinlich über Oman eingeführt wurden (Tab. I), dies erfolgte wahrscheinlich per Schiff.

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Correspondence to Sarah E. Radloff.

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Manuscript editor: Walter S. Sheppard

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Haddad, N., Fuchs, S., Hepburn, H.R. et al. Apis florea in Jordan: source of the founder population. Apidologie 40, 508–512 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009011

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009011

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