Skip to main content
Log in

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of the Top 100 US Retailers

  • Academic Research
  • Published:
Corporate Reputation Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study is motivated by the lack of information about the retail industry's commitment to and attention given to socially responsible behaviors. The purpose of the study is to discover in what context corporate social responsibility (CSR) is being addressed within the top 100 US retail organizations. The framework of the study consists of principles of CSR, processes of CSR and outcomes of CSR. Based on this, corporate web pages were reviewed using content analysis procedure. Just over one-half of 100 US retailers mentioned CSR principles either in separate statements or embedded in mission statements. Economic statements were most common to category killers whereas discount stores predominantly mentioned philanthropic statements. In the analysis of CSR programs, social programs followed by environmental programs were most frequently mentioned. The results suggest more retail firms should be involved in communicating their social responsibility beliefs on their corporate website although previous research showed that a majority of Fortune 500 companies used their website to promote some aspects of CSR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, C.A., Hill, W. and Roberts, C.B. (1998) ‘Corporate social reporting practices in Western Europe: Legitimating corporate behavior?’ British Accounting Review, 30 (1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anselmsson, J. and Johansson, U. (2007) ‘Corporate social responsibility and the positioning of grocery brands’, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 35 (10), 835–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asongu, J.J. (2007) ‘The legitimacy of strategic corporate social responsibility as a marketing tool’, Journal of Business and Public Policy, 1 (1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M. (2005) ‘Corporate social responsibility – What does it mean?’, available at www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html.

  • Barbaro, M. (2007) ‘Home depot to go green’, International Herald Tribune, 17 April, available at www.iht.com/bin/print.php?id=5314895.

  • Bowd, R., Bowd, L. and Harris, P. (2006) ‘Communicating corporate social responsibility: An exploratory case study of a major UK retail centre’, Journal of Public Affairs, 6 (2), 147–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • California Green Solutions (2007) ‘Consumer holiday trends toward green in 2007’, California Green Solutions, 16 November, 2007, available at www.californiagreensolutions.com/cgi-bin/gt/tpl.h,content=1403.

  • Carroll, A.B. (1991) ‘Corporate social performance measurement: A commentary on methods for evaluating an elusive construct’, in U.E. Post (ed.), Research in Corporate Social performance and Policy, Greenwich, CT: JAI. Vol. 12, pp. 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, M.B. (1995) ‘A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance’, Academy of Management Review, 20 (1), 92–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. (1973) ‘The case for and against business assumptions of social responsibilities’, Academy of Management Journal, 16 (2), 312–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du, S., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Sen, S. (2007) ‘Reaping relational rewards from corporate social responsibility: The role of competitive positioning’, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24 (3), 224–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esrock, S.L. and Leichty, G.B. (1998) ‘Social responsibility and corporate web pages: Self-presentation or agenda-setting?’ Public Relations Review, 24 (3), 305–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esrock, S.L. and Leichty, G.B. (1999) ‘Corporate world wide web pages: Serving the news media and other publics’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76 (3), 456–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esrock, S.L. and Leichty, G.B. (2000) ‘Organization of corporate web pages: Publics and functions’, Public Relations Review, 26 (3), 327–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R.E. (1994) ‘The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions’, Business Ethic Quarterly, 4 (4), 409–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gan, A. (2006) ‘The impact of public scrutiny on corporate philanthropy’, Journal of Business Ethics, 69 (3), 217–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gossling, T. and Vocht, C. (2007) ‘Social role conceptions and CSR Policy Success', Journal of Business Ethics, 74 (4), 363–372.

  • Holcomb, J.L., Upchurch, R.S. and Okumus, F. (2007) ‘Corporate social responsibility: What are top hotel companies reporting?’ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19 (6), 461–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Home Textiles Today (2008) ‘JCPenney going “Simply Green”’, Home Textiles Today, 18 January, 2008, available at www.hometextilestoday.com/index.asp?layout=articlePrintandarticleID=CA6523994.

  • Hooghiemstra, R. (2000) ‘Corporate communication and impression management – New perspectives why companies engage in corporate social reporting’, Journal of Business Ethics, 27 (1–2), 55–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamali, D. and Mirshak, R. (2006) ‘Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Theory and practice in a developing country context’, Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 243–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juholin, E. (2004) ‘For business or for the good of all? A Finnish approach to corporate social responsibility’, Corporate Governance, 4 (3), 20–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsoulakos, T. and Katsoulacos, Y. (2007) ‘Strategic management, corporate responsibility and stakeholder management integrating corporate responsibility principles and stakeholder approaches into mainstream strategy: A stakeholder-oriented and integrative strategic management framework’, Corporate Governance, 7 (4), 355–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, S. (2007) ‘Environment, responsibility and retail’, Retailing Today, 46 (6), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. and Dawar, N. (2004) ‘Corporate social responsibility and consumers’ attribution and brand evaluations in a product-harm crisis’, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21 (3), 203–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I. and Ralston, D. (2002) ‘Corporate social responsibility in Europe and the U.S.: Insights from businesses’ self-presentations', Journal of International Business Studies, 33 (3), 497–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J.P. (2001) People and Profits? The Search for a Link Between a Company's Social and Financial Performance, Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlin, A. and Marlin, J.T. (2003) ‘A brief history of social reporting’, available at http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/nl/51.html#anchor857.

  • Mohr, L.A., Webb, D.J. and Harris, K.E. (2001) ‘Do consumers expect companies to be socially responsible? The impact of corporate social responsibility on buying behavior’, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35 (1), 45–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, M. (1972) ‘Choosing socially responsible stocks’, Business and Society, 1, 71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2004) ‘Corporate social responsibility show to enhance profitability and long term shareholder value’, available at www.pwc.com/extweb/ncpressrelease.nsf/docid/CB5752E1DCB1BE9A80256E1B002BE744.

  • Piacentini, M., MacFadyen, L. and Eadie, D. (2000) ‘Corporate social responsibility in food retailing’, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 28 (11), 459–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley, T. and Berman, S. (2000) ‘A brand new brand of corporate social performance’, Business and Society, 39 (4), 397–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, D.P. (2007) ‘SAP top hundred retailers’, Stores, July, pp. S2–S19.

  • Sen, S., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Korschun, D. (2006) ‘The role of corporate social responsibility in strengthening multiple stakeholder relationships’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2), 158–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senser, R.A. (2007) ‘Corporate social responsibility: A fledgling movement faces a crucial test’, Dissent Winter, 2007, 77–82.

  • Smith, H.J. (2003a) ‘The shareholders vs. stakeholders debate’, MIT Sloan Management Review, 44 (4), 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, N.C. (2003b) ‘Corporate social responsibility: Whether or how?’, California Management Review, 45 (4), 52–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Business Journal (2007) ‘Kohl's to pursue “green” certifications for stores’, The Business Journal, 7 November, 2007, available at www.milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2007/11/05/daily22.html?t=printable.

  • Turban, D.B. and Greening, D.W. (1997) ‘Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to prospective employees’, The Academy of Management Journal, 40 (3), 658–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2007) ‘Estimates of monthly retail and food services sales by kind of business: 2007’, available at www.census.gov/mrts/www/data/html/nsa107.html.

  • Van der Laan, G., Van Ees, H. and Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2008) ‘Corporate social and financial performance: An extended stakeholder theory, and empirical test with accounting measures’, Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 299–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, D. (1992) ‘The globalization of business ethics: Why America remains distinctive’, California Management Review, 35 (1), 30–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vomhof, J. (2008) ‘Target's future stores will bigger, greener', Business Journal, 8 February 2008, available at http://twincities.bizjournals.com.

  • Waddock, S.A. and Graves, S.B. (1997) ‘The corporate social performance-financial performance link’, Strategic Management Journal, 18 (4), 303–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, D.J., Mohr, L.A. and Harris, K.E. (2008) ‘A re-examination of socially responsible consumption and its measurement’, Journal of Business Research, 61 (2), 91–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, L.A. (2006) ‘Corporate social responsibility: Views from the frontline’, Journal of Business Ethics, 63 (3), 279–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. (1991) ‘Corporate social performance revisited’, Academy of Management Review, 16 (4), 691–718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. and Jones, R.E. (1995) ‘Stakeholder mismatching: A theoretical problem in empirical research on corporate social performance’, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 3 (3), 229–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

See Table A1.

Table a1 List of Top 100 Retailers Presented by National Retail Federation and Stores in 2007

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lee, MY., Fairhurst, A. & Wesley, S. Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of the Top 100 US Retailers. Corp Reputation Rev 12, 140–158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2009.10

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2009.10

Keywords

Navigation