Skip to main content
Log in

RepTrak™ Pulse: Conceptualizing and Validating a Short-Form Measure of Corporate Reputation

  • Academic Research
  • Published:
Corporate Reputation Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Corporate reputations are of growing interest as intangible assets that provide firms with a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This article describes the development and validation of the RepTrak™ Pulse, an emotion-based measure of the corporate reputation construct that untangles the drivers of corporate reputation from measurement of the construct itself. The authors draw on signaling theory to conceptualize corporate reputation as a set of beliefs about companies. Qualitative research conducted in the US demonstrated the content validity of this measure of reputation. Quantitative studies with multiple samples of participants validated the simplified measure in different geographical locations and confirmed the measure's ability to assess perceptions across stakeholder groups. Specifically, the authors examined how the US general public thinks about companies, how Canadian doctors assess pharmaceutical companies, how US consumers rate energy companies, and how Danish transportation employees evaluate their own firm. To confirm its cross-cultural validity the authors collected and analyzed data from 17 countries from six continents. This article reports the results of these analyses, and demonstrates the reliability, internal validity, nomological validity and cross-cultural validity of the RepTrak™ Pulse scale as a short-form, etic measure of corporate reputation that can be used to facilitate cross-cultural research as well as online interviewing and survey-based data collection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Barnett et al. note the number of publications excludes CRR because it was not indexed.

References

  • Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988) ‘Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach’, Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), 411–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asher, H. (2004) Polling and the Public, 6th edn. CQ Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balmer, J.M.T. and Greyser, S.A. (2006) ‘Integrating corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate communications, corporate image and corporate reputation’, European Journal of Marketing, 40 (7/8), 730–741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, M.L., Jermier, J.M. and Lafferty, B.A. (2006) ‘Corporate reputation: The definitional landscape’, Corporate Reputation Review, 9 (1), 26–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basdeo, D.K., Smith, K.G., Grimm, C.M., Rindova, V.P. and Derfus, P.J. (2006) ‘The impact of market actions on firm reputation’, Strategic Management Journal, 27 (12), 1205–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, D.D., Ketchen Jr., D.J., Boyd, B.K. and Bergh, J. (2010) ‘New frontiers of the reputation-performance relationship: Insights from multiple theories’, Journal of Management, 36 (3), 620–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, B.K., Bergh, D.D. and Ketchen Jr., D.J. (2010) ‘Reconsidering the reputation-performance relationship: A resource-based view’, Journal of Management, 36 (3), 588–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brislin, R.W. (1980) ‘Translation and content analysis of written materials’, in H. C. Triandis and J.W. Berry (eds.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Allyn & Bacon, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromley, D. (2002) ‘Comparing corporate reputations: League tables, quotients, benchmarks, or case studies?’ Corporate Reputation Review, 5 (1), 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks Jr., R.C. (1957) ‘Word-of-mouth advertising in selling new products’, Journal of Marketing, 22 (2), 154–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. and Perry, S. (1994) ‘Removing the financial performance halo from Fortune's ‘most admired’ companies’, Academy of Management Journal, 37 (5), 1347–1359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T.J., Dacin, P.A., Pratt, M.G. and Whetten, D.A. (2006) ‘Identity, intended image, construed image, and reputation: An interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2), 99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, M.C. (1999) ‘Perceptions of price unfairness: Antecedents and consequences’, Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 187–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casalo, L.V., Flavian, C. and Guinaliu, M. (2007) ‘The influence of satisfaction, perceived reputation and trust on a consumer's commitment to a website’, Journal of Marketing Communications, 13 (1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill Jr., G.A. (1979) ‘A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs’, Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (1), 64–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couper, M.P., Traugott, M.W. and Lamias, M.J. (2001) ‘Web survey design and administration’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 65 (2), 230–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, C.S. and Douglas, S.P. (2000) International Marketing Research, 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darke, P.R., Ashworth, L. and Ritchie, R.J.B. (2008) ‘Damage from corrective advertising: Causes and cures’, Journal of Marketing, 72 (6), 81–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamantopoulos, A. and Winklhofer, H.M. (2001) ‘Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development’, Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (2), 269–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, D.J. and O'Shaughnessy, K.C. (2005) ‘The effect of layoffs on firm reputation’, Journal of Management, 31 (3), 445–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981) ‘Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error’, Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C. and Shanley, M. (1990) ‘What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy’, Academy of Management Journal, 33 (2), 233–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C.J. (1996) Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image, Harvard Business Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C.J. (2001) ‘Corporate reputations as economic assets’, in M. A. Hitt, R. E. Freeman and J.S. Harrison (eds.) The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C.J. (2007) ‘List of lists: A compilation of international corporate reputation ratings’, Corporate Reputation Review, 10 (2), 144–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C.J., Gardberg, N.A. and Sever, J. (2000) ‘The Reputation Quotient: A multi-stakeholder measure of corporate reputation’, Journal of Brand Management, 7 (4), 241–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C.J. and van Riel, C.B.M. (2004) Fame & Fortune: How Successful Companies Build Winning Reputations, Financial Times Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fryxell, G.E. and Wang, J. (1994) ‘The Fortune corporate ‘reputation’ index: Reputation for what?’ Journal of Management, 20 (1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardberg, N.A. (2006) ‘Reputatie, reputation, réputation, reputazione, ruf: A cross-cultural qualitative analysis of construct and instrument equivalence’, Corporate Reputation Review, 9 (1), 39–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardberg, N.A. and Fombrun, C.J. (2002) ‘For better or worse: The most visible American corporate reputations’, Corporate Reputation Review, 4 (4), 385–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardberg, N.A. and Schepers, D.H. (2008) ‘Do stakeholders detect corporate social performance signals?’, Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1–6.

  • Gupta, V., Hanges, P.J. and Dorfman, P. (2002) ‘Cultural clusters: Methodology and findings’, Journal of World Business, 37 (1), 11–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helm, S. (2005) ‘Designing a formative measure for corporate reputation’, Corporate Reputation Review, 8 (2), 95–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hem, L.E., de Chernatony, L. and Iversen, N.M. (2003) ‘Factors influencing successful brand extensions’, Journal of Marketing Management, 19 (7/8), 781–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Highhouse, S., Broadfoot, A., Yugo, J.E. and Devendorf, S.A. (2009) ‘Examining corporate reputation judgments with generalizability theory’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (3), 782–789.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. and Roy, A. (2008) ‘Staging exchange partner choices: When do status and reputation matter?’ Academy of Management Journal, 51 (3), 495–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Bobko, P., Ashford, S., Xiong, C.Z. and Xiaopeng, R. (2008) ‘Cross-cultural development of an abridged job insecurity measure’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (3), 373–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H. (1994) Psychometric Theory, 3rd edn., McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, J. and Stewart, D.W. (2001) ‘Signaling strategies in competitive interaction: Building reputations and hiding the truth’, Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (1), 62–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richins, M.L. (2004) ‘The material values scale: Measurement properties and development of a short form’, Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (1), 209–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rindova, V.P. and Fombrun, C.J. (1999) ‘Constructing competitive advantage: The role of firm-constituent interactions’, Strategic Management Journal, 20 (8), 691–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, P.W. and Dowling, G.R. (2002) ‘Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance’, Strategic Management Journal, 23 (12), 1077–1093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roster, C.A., Albaum, G. and Rogers, B. (2006) ‘Can cross-national/cultural studies presume etic equivalency in respondents’ use of extreme categories of Likert rating scales?’ International Journal of Market Research, 48 (6), 741–759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwaiger, M. (2004) ‘Components and parameters of corporate reputation – An empirical study’, Schmalenbach Business Review, 56 (1), 46–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamsie, J. (2003) ‘The context of dominance: An industry-driven framework for exploiting reputation’, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (3), 199–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. (1995) ‘Measurement issues in cross-national research’, Journal of International Business Studies, 26 (3), 597–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, J.M., Sinar, E.F., Balzer, W.K. and Smith, P.C. (2002) ‘Issues and strategies for reducing the length of self-report scales’, Personnel Psychology, 55 (1), 167–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villanueva, J., Yoo, S. and Hanssens, D.M. (2008) ‘The impact of marketing-induced versus word-of-mouth customer acquisition on customer equity growth’, Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (1), 48–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, G. and Beatty, S.E. (2007) ‘Customer-based corporate reputation of a service firm: Scale development and validation’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (1), 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, G., Beatty, S.E. and Shiu, E.M.K. (2009) ‘The customer-based corporate reputation scale: Replication and short form’, Journal of Business Research, 62 (10), 924–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professors Andreas Grein and Sankar Sen, Senior Analysts Daniel Stasik and Sebastian Taciak, and editor Cees van Riel and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on previous drafts of this paper. We also acknowledge the Weissman Center for International Business at Baruch College - CUNY for research support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

See Table A1

Table A1 Study 2: Companies Assessed By US General Public

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ponzi, L., Fombrun, C. & Gardberg, N. RepTrak™ Pulse: Conceptualizing and Validating a Short-Form Measure of Corporate Reputation. Corp Reputation Rev 14, 15–35 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2011.5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2011.5

Keywords

Navigation