Abstract
Sustainable development often leads to strong trade-offs, mostly in favour of economic growth. Inclusive development responds by focusing mainly on the social and environmental aspects of development and on current generations. While the literature covers inclusive growth in some detail, few authors actually elaborate on inclusive development and how the concept can be made operational. This article first positions inclusive development in the development debate. It then discusses inclusive development per se, in the Anthropocene, and from a relational perspective. Finally, it elaborates how inclusive development can be implemented by (i) developing relevant epistemic communities, communities of practice and social movements, (ii) transforming governance into interactive governance to enable empowerment and (iii) adopting appropriate governance instruments. It concludes that inclusive development will only be brought about through genuine interactive governance that provides the instruments and creates the conditions for adaptive learning and the empowerment of marginalized people.
Abstract
Le développement durable conduit souvent à de forts compromis, principalement en faveur de la croissance économique. Le développement inclusif, en revanche, se concentre principalement sur les aspects sociaux et environnementaux du développement et sur les générations actuelles. Alors que la littérature aborde le sujet de la croissance inclusive en détail, quelques auteurs seulement abordent le sujet du développement inclusif et traitent de comment le concept peut être rendu opérationnel. Tout d’abord ce document positionne le développement inclusif dans le débat sur le développement. Il traite ensuite du développement inclusif en soi, dans l’anthropocène, et dans une perspective relationnelle. Enfin, il élabore la façon dont le développement inclusif peut être mis en œuvre par (i) la création de communautés épistémiques pertinentes, de communautés de pratique et de mouvements sociaux, (ii) la transformation de la gouvernance en gouvernance interactive pour permettre l’autonomisation, et (iii) l’adoption d’outils de gouvernance appropriés. Les auteurs concluent que le développement inclusif ne pourra être provoqué que par le biais d’une véritable gouvernance interactive qui fournit les outils et crée les conditions pour un apprentissage adaptatif et pour l’autonomisation des personnes marginalisées.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abosede, A.J. and Onakoya, A.B. (2013) Entrepreneurship, economic development and inclusive growth. International Journal of Arts and Entrepreneurship 1 (3): 375–387.
Adams, W.A. (2009) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in a Developing World. New York: Routledge.
ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2007) Long-Term Strategic Framework: Lessons from Implementation (2001–2006). Manila, Philippines: ADB.
ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2012) Framework of Inclusive Growth Indicators 2012: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific: Special Supplement, 2nd edn. Manila: Asian Development Bank, pp. 1–79.
Alkire, S. and Foster, E. (2011) Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics 95 (2011): 476–487.
Anand, S. and Sen, A.K. (2000) The income component of the human development index. Journal of Human Development 1 (1): 83–106.
Anokye, N. (2013) Stakeholder participation in water resources management: The case of Densu basin in Ghana, PhD thesis, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arthurson, K. (2002) Creating inclusive communities through balancing social mix: A critical relationship or tenuous link? Urban Policy and Research 20 (3): 245–261.
Barrett, S. (2007) Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods. Oxford: University Press.
Bastos Lima, M.G. (2014) The politics of the politics of biofuel governance and sustainability, PhD thesis, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Baud, I.S.A. (2004) Learning from the South: Placing Governance in International Development Studies. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Vossiuspers UvA.
Baud, I.S.A. and Nainan, N. (2012) Negotiated spaces for representation in Mumbai. In: N.R.M. Pouw and I.S.A. Baud (eds.) Local Governance and Poverty in Developing Nations. Chapter 1. New York: Routledge, pp. 173–193.
Bavinck, M., Chuenpagdee, R., Jentoft, S. and Kooiman, J. (eds.) (2013) Governability of Fisheries and Aquaculture: Theory and Applications. MARE Publication Series 7. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
Bavinck, M. and Gupta, J. (2014) Legal pluralism in aquatic regimes: A challenge for governance architecture. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 11: 78–85.
Borel-Saladin, J.M. and Turok, I.N. (2013) The green economy: Incremental change or transformation? Environmental Policy and Governance 23 (4): 209–220.
Carson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Boston, MA: Mariner.
CGD (Commission on Growth and Development) (2008) The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development. Washington DC: The World Bank Group.
Chambers, R. (1997) Whose Reality Counts? Putting the First Last. London: Intermediary Technology Publications.
Chatterjee, S. (2005) Poverty reduction strategies – Lessons from the Asian and Pacific region on inclusive development. Asian Development Review 22 (1): 12–44.
Chopra, K., Lemans, R., Kumar, P. and Simons, H. (eds.) (2005) Ecosystem services and human well-being: Policy responses. Findings of the responses working group of the millennium ecosystem assessment. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series, Volume 3. Washington DC: Island Press, http://www.millenniumassessment.org//en/Responses.html.
Cleaver, F. (2012) Development through Bricolage? Institutions and Natural Resource Management. London: Earthscan.
Climate Commission (2013) The critical decade. June, http://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/b7e53b20a7d6573e1ab269d36bb9b07c.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
Collier, P. (2007) The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Conway, J. (2011) Cosmopolitan or colonial? The world social forum as ‘contact zone’. Third World Quarterly 32 (2): 217–236.
Cook, S. (2006) Structural change, growth and poverty reduction in Asia: Pathways to inclusive development. Development Policy Review 24 (1): 51–80.
Crutzen, P.J. (2006) The ‘Anthropocene’. In: E. Ehlers and T. Kraft (eds.) Earth System Science in the Anthropocene. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 13–18.
Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation (2012) No Future without Justice, Report of the Civil Society Reflection Group on Global Development Perspectives. Development Dialogue 59 Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation.
Dasgupta, P. and Duraiappah, A. (2012) Well-being and wealth. In: C. Scherkenbach (ed.) Inclusive Wealth Report 2012: Measuring Progress toward Sustainability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–26.
De Haan, A. (2015) Inclusive growth. Beyond safety nets. European Journal of Development Research 27 (4): 606–622.
Dietz, M. and Garrets, H. (2014) Routledge Handbook of the Climate Change Movement. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Easterly, W. (2007) Was development assistance a mistake? American Economic Review 97 (2): 328–332.
Eckert, P. (2006) Communities of practice. In: K. Brown (ed.) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (second edition). Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 683–685.
Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fairhead, J., Leach, M. and Scoones, I. (2012) Green grabbing: A new appropriation of nature? Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (2): 237–261.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (1995) Code of conduct for responsible fisheries, http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9878e/v9878e00.htm, accessed 21 April 2015.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (2011) International guidelines on securing sustainable small-scale fisheries [SSF Guidelines], ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/document/ssf/ssf_guidelines/zerodraftssfguidelines_may2012.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) (2012) Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security, http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2801e/i2801e.pdf, last accessed 21 April 2015.
Ferber, M.A. and Nelson, J.A. (eds.) (1993) Beyond Economic Man: Feminist Theory and Economics. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Folbre, N. (1999) Who Pays for the Kids? London: Routledge.
Fraser, N. (2001) Recognition without ethics? Theory, Culture and Society 18 (2–3): 21–42.
Fritz, D., Miller, U., Gude, A., Pruisken, A. and Rischewski, D. (2009) Making poverty reduction inclusive: Experiences from Cambodia, Tanzania and Vietnam. Journal of International Development 21 (5): 673–684.
Ginther, K. and de Waart, P.J.I.M. (1995) Sustainable development as a matter of good governance: An introductory view. In: K. Ginther, E. Denters and P.J.I.M. De Waart (eds.) Sustainable Development and Good Governance. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gough, I. and McGregor, J.A. (eds.) (2007) Wellbeing in Developing Countries. From Theory to Research. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gupta, J. (2014) Sharing Our Earth, Inaugural address as Professor of Environment and Development in the Global South, University of Amsterdam, 5 June.
Gupta, J. and Baud, I.S.A. (forthcoming) Sustainable development. In: P. Pattberg and F. Zelli (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental Politics and Governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, in press.
Gupta, J. and Lebel, L. (2010) Access and allocation in earth system governance: Water and climate change compared. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 10 (4): 377–395.
Gupta, J. and Stec, S. (2014) Strengthening UNEP’s legitimacy: Towards greater stakeholder engagement. UNEP Perspectives 11: 1–12.
Gupta, J. and Thompson, M. (2010) Development and development cooperation theory. In: J. Gupta and N. van de Grijp (eds.) Mainstreaming Climate Change in Development Cooperation: Theory, Practice and Implications for the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 33–66.
Gupta, J., Cornellissen, V. and Ros-Tonen, M.A.F. (forthcoming) Inclusive development. In: P. Pattberg and F. Zelli (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental Politics and Governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, in press.
Gupta, J., van der Grijp, N. and Kuik, O. (eds.) (2013) Climate Change, Forests and REDD: Lessons for Institutional Design. London: Routledge.
Harberger, A.C. (1998) A vision of the growth process. American Economic Review 88 (1): 1–32.
Harriss-White, B. (2006) Poverty and capitalism. Economic and Political Weekly 1–7 April.
Harvey, D. (2004) The ‘new’ imperialism: Accumulation by dispossession. Socialist Register 2004 (40): 63–87.
Hickey, S. and du Toit, A. (2007) Adverse Incorporation, Social Exclusion and Chronic Poverty. CPRC Working Paper 81. Manchester, UK: CPRC. http://www,welldev.org.uk/research/aims.htm.
Hicks, D.A. (1997) The inequality-adjusted human development index: A constructive proposal. World Development 25 (8): 1283–1298.
Homer-Dixon, T.F. (1999) Environment, Scarcity, and Violence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Huang, Y. and Quibria, M.G. (2013) The Global Partnership for Inclusive Growth. UNU-WIDER Working Paper No. 2013/059, http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/2013/en_GB/wp2013-059/_files/89784041639326371/default/WP2013-059.pdf.
Ibrahim, S. and Alkire, S. (2007) Empowerment and agency: A proposal for internationally-comparable indicators. Oxford Development Studies 35 (4): 379–403.
Ingram, V., Ros-Tonen, M.A.F. and Dietz, T. (2015) A fine mess: Bricolaged forest governance in Cameroon. International Journal of the Commons 9 (1): 41–64.
International Task Force on Global Public Goods (2006) Meeting Global Challenges: International Cooperation in the National Interest. Report of the Global Task Force on Global Public Goods, Stockholm, http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/gpg/2006/09globalchallenges.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
IUCN/UNEP/WWF (United Nations Environment Programme, Word Wide Fund for Nature) (1980) World Conservation Strategy. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, UNEP and WWF.
Jentoft, S. (2011) Legal pluralism and the governability of fisheries and coastal systems. Journal of Legal Pluralism 43 (64): 149–172.
Jiang, Y. (2011) Methods to reduce transaction costs and to establish low transaction cost environments for inclusive development, http://www.ungs.edu.ar/globelics/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/ID-22-Jiang-Inclusive-innovation-social-and-sustainable-perspectives.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
Kaul, I., Conceicao, P., Le Goulven, K. and Mendoza, R.U. (eds.) (2003) Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kjær, A.M. (2004) Governance. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Kooiman, J. (2003) Governing as Governance. London: Sage Publications.
Laven, A.C. (2010) The Risks of Inclusion: Shifts in Governance Processes and Upgrading Opportunities for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: KIT Publishers.
Lawson, V. (2010) Reshaping economic geography? Producing spaces of inclusive development. Economic Geography 86 (4): 351–360.
Leach, M., Fairhead, J. and Fraser, J. (2012) Green grabs and biochar: Revaluing African soils and farming in the new carbon economy. Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (2): 285–307.
Lélé, S. (1991) Sustainable development: A critical review. World Development 19 (6): 607–621.
Mansuri, G. and Rao, V. (2004) Community-based and -driven development a critical review. The World Bank Research Observer 19 (1): 1–39.
McCarthy, J. (2010) Processes of inclusion and adverse incorporation: Oil palm and agrarian change in Sumatra, Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37 (4): 821–850.
McGregor, J.A. (2007) Researching human wellbeing. From concepts to methodology. In: I. Gough and J.A. McGregor (eds.) Well-Being in Developing Countries: New Approaches and Research Strategies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Meier, G.M. (2001) Ideas for development. In: G.M. Meier and J.E. Stiglitz (eds.) Frontiers of Development Economics: The Future in Perspective. Oxford; Washington DC: Oxford University Press and World Bank, pp. 1–12.
Milanovic, B. (2011) The Haves and the Have-Nots. New York: Basic Books.
Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, D. (1996) Sustainable development and cities. In: C. Pugh (ed.) Sustainability, The Environment and Urbanization. London: Earthscan, pp. 23–61.
Mosse, D. (2010) A relational approach to durable poverty, inequality and power. The Journal of Development Studies 46 (7): 1156–1178.
Murshed, S.M. (2006) From War to Peace (and Perhaps Prosperity): The Usefulness of Utility and the Silency of Measurement. The Hague, The Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies.
Narayan, D. (2002) Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: A Sourcebook. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Narayan, D. and Pritchett, L. (2009) Moving Out of Poverty. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Narayan, D., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A. and Koch-Schulte, S. (2000) Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? Voices from 46 Countries. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Nelson, D.R., Adger, W.N. and Brown, K. (2007) Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 32 (1): 395.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2005/2008) The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008). [Online] http://www.oecd.org/development/effectiveness/34428351.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2011a) OECD guidelines for multinational enterprises, http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/48004323.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2011b) Busan partnership for effective development co-operation, http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/49650173.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2015) Better life initiative: Measuring well-being and progress, http://www.oecd.org/statistics/better-life-initiative.htm, accessed 21 April 2015.
Oosthoek, J. and Gillis, B.K. (2013) The Globalization of Environmental Crisis. New York: Routledge.
Ortiz, I. and Cummins, M. (2011) Global Inequality: Beyond the Bottom Billion – A Rapid Review of Income Distribution in 141 Countries. New York: UNICEF.
Osborne, S.P. (ed.) (2010) The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. London: Routledge.
Oxfam (2014a) Working for the Few. Political Capture and Economic Inequality. Oxfam Briefing Paper 178. London: Oxfam.
Oxfam (2014b) Even it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality. London: Oxfam.
Pani, N. (2001) Inclusive Economics: Ghandian Method and Contemporary Policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Perch, L. (2011) Mitigation of What and by What? Adaptation by Whom and for Whom? Dilemmas in Delivering for the Poor and the Vulnerable in International Climate Policy. Working Paper No. 79. Brasilia, Brazil: International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
Petras, J. and Veltmeyer, H. (2011) Social Movements in Latin America: Neoliberalism and Popular Resistance. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave and Macmillan.
Pfeffer, K. and Verrest, H. (2015) Big data for better urban life? – An exploratory study of critical urban issues in two Caribbean cities. European Journal of Development Research 27 (4): 505–522.
Piketty, T. (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Piven, F.F. (2008) Can power from below change the world? American Sociological Review 73 (1): 1–14.
Polanyi, K. (1957) The economy as instituted process. In: K. Polanyi, C.M. Arensberg and H.W. Pearson (eds.) Trade and Market in the Early Empires. London: Collier Macmillan, pp. 243–270.
Pouw, N.R.M. and McGregor, J.A. (2014) An Economics of Wellbeing. How Would Economics Look Like if It Were Focussed on Human Wellbeing? IDS Working Paper 436. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, Sussex University.
Quaedvlieg, J., Garcia Roca, M. and Ros-Tonen, M.A.F. (2014) Is Amazon nut certification a way towards smallholder empowerment in Peruvian Amazonia? Journal of Rural Studies 33: 41–55.
Rappaport, J. (1987) Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology 15 (2): 21–148.
Rauniyar, G. and Kanbur, R. (2009) Inclusive growth and inclusive development: A review and synthesis of Asian Development Bank literature. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 15 (4): 455–469.
Rauniyar, G. and Kanbur, R. (2010) Inclusive development: Two papers on conceptualization, application, and the ADB perspective, http://www.kanbur.dyson.cornell.edu/papers/ADBCompendiumInclusiveDevelopment.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
Rio Declaration (1992) Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. Report on the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June, UN Doc. A/CONF.151/26/Rev.1 (Vols.1-III). New York: United Nations.
Rockström, J. et al. (2009) A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461 (7263): 472–475.
Rodrik, D. (2006) Goodbye Washington consensus, hello Washington confusion? A review of the World Bank’s economic growth in the 1990s: Learning from a decade of reform. Journal of Economic Literature 44 (4): 973–987.
Ros-Tonen, M.A.F., Van Leynseele, Y.P.B., Laven, A. and Sunderland, T. (2015) Landscapes of social inclusion: Reassessing inclusive development through the lenses of food sovereignty and landscape governance. European Journal of Development Research 27 (4): 523–540.
Rowlands, J. (1997) Questioning Empowerment. Oxford: Oxfam.
Saad-Filho, A. (2010) Growth, Poverty and Inequality. From Washington Consensus to Inclusive Growth. DESA Working Paper 100, November, University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
Sachs, I. (2004a) From poverty trap to inclusive development in LDCs. Economic and Political Weekly 39 (18): 1802–1811.
Sachs, I. (2004b) Inclusive Development Strategy in an Era of Globalization. International Labour Organization Working Paper, No. 35. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.
Sachs, J.D. (2012) From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. The Lancet 379 (9832): 2206–2211.
Sanz, M. (2015) Micro and small industries, water and developing countries: A challenge for sustainability in Colombia, PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sen, A. (1976) Poverty: An ordinal approach to measurement. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 44 (2): 219–231.
Sen, A.K. (1999) Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. (2010) The place of capability in a theory of justice. In: H. Brighouse and I. Robeyns (eds.) Measuring Justice: Primary Goods and Capabilities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 239–252.
Shiva, V. (1989) Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development. London: Zed Books.
Shortall, S. (2004) Social or economic goals, civic inclusion or exclusion? An analysis of rural development theory and practice. Sociologia Ruralis 44 (1): 109–123.
Shortall, S. (2008) Are rural development programmes socially inclusive? Social inclusion, civic engagement, participation, and social capital: Exploring the differences. Journal of Rural Studies 24 (4): 450–457.
Singh, M. (2012) India’s scholar – Prime minister aims for inclusive development. Science 335 (6071): 907–908.
Smit, B. and Wandel, J. (2006) Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change 16 (3): 282–292.
Soni, P. (2007) Global solutions meeting local needs: Climate change policy instruments for diffusion on cleaner technologies in the small-scale industries in India, PhD thesis, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Steffen, W., Crutzen, P.J. and McNeill, J.R. (2007) The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature. Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment 36 (8): 614–621.
Sterner, T. (2003) Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management. Washington DC: Resources for the Future.
Stiglitz, J., Sen, A.K. and Fitoussi, J.P. (2009) Measuring Economic Performance and Social Progress. Paris: Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress.
Tamanaha, B., Sage, C. and Woolcock, M. (eds.) (2012) Legal Pluralism and Development – Scholars and Practitioners in Dialogue. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tinker, I. (1990) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Thorbecke, E. (2006) The Evolution of the Development Doctrine: 1950–2005. UNU-WIDER Discussion Paper 2006/155. Helsinki, Finland: World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University.
Torfing, J., Peters, B.G., Pierre, J. and Sørensen, E. (2012) Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Twining, W. (2010) Normative and legal pluralism: A global perspective. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 20: 473–517.
UN (United Nations) (1945) Charter of the United Nations, www.un.org/en/documents/charter, accessed 21 April 2015.
UN (United Nations) (1992) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
UN (United Nations) (1997) UN Watercourses Convention, www.unwatercoursesconvention.org, accessed 21 April 2015.
UNCED ( UN Conference on Environment and Development) (1992) Agenda 21 programme for action (UN Doc. A/CONF. 151/26/Rev. 1, 14 June), http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
UN/DESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) (2012) World Economic Situation and Prospects. New York: UN/DESA.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (1994) Human Development Report 1994. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (1997) Governance for Sustainable Human Development: A UNDP Policy Document. New York: UNDP.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2010) Human Development Report 2010: The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. New York: UNDP.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2014) Human Development Report 2014: Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. New York: UNDP.
UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) (2011) Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP.
UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) (2012) Measuring Progress towards an Inclusive Green Economy. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP.
UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (1948) The universal declaration of human rights, http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml, accessed 21 April 2015.
UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (1986) Declaration on the right to development (A/RES/41/128, 4 December), http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/41/a41r128.htm, accessed 21 April 2015.
UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (2007) United nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples (Resolution A/61/L.67 and Add.1, 13 September), http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf, accessed 21 April 2015.
UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (2010) The human right to water and sanitation (A/RES/64/292, 28 July), http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/64/292, accessed 21 April 2015.
UNRISD (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development) (2013) Inequalities and the post-2015 development agenda, http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/(httpPublications)/ACFC5542FBD29F44C1257B08005902E4?OpenDocument, accessed 21 April 2015.
von Benda-Beckmann, F. and von Benda-Beckmann, K. (2006) The dynamics of change and continuity in plural legal orders. Journal of Legal Pluralism 38 (53–54): 1–43.
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Weaver, P.M. (2014) The Informal, Alternative and ‘Zero Marginal-Cost’ Economies. Policy Brief GLOBIS. Brussels, Belgium: EU-7 Framework.
WeD (Wellbeing in Developing Countries Research) (2007) WeD research statement wellbeing and international development. ESRC Research Group on Wellbeing in Developing Countries, http://www.welldev.org.uk/research/aims.htm, accessed 21 April 2015.
Woods, N. (1999) Good governance in international organizations. Global Governance 5 (1): 39–62.
World Bank (2001) World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. Washington DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press.
World Bank (2009) World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography. Washington DC: The World Bank.
World Bank (2012) Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Zips, W. and Weilenmann, M. (2011) The Governance of Legal Pluralism – Empirical Studies from Africa and Beyond. Berlin, Germany: LIT Verlag.
Zoomers, A. (2010) Globalisation and the foreignisation of space: Seven processes driving the current global land grab. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37 (2): 429–447.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This article will be included in the EJDR’s forthcoming special issue on ‘Inclusive Development’
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gupta, J., Pouw, N. & Ros-Tonen, M. Towards an Elaborated Theory of Inclusive Development. Eur J Dev Res 27, 541–559 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.30
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.30