Skip to main content
Log in

Optimal introductory pricing for new financial services

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Financial Services Marketing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Financial services institutions often provide special introductory prices to new customers who sign up for their services such as credit cards, credit monitoring services and online stock trading. Despite their prevalence, the decision to provide introductory prices to new customers entails challenges for decision makers. Providing small incentives may not perceptibly affect the adoption of the service while providing a large incentive leads to the loss of revenue and profits. As a result, the effectiveness of such activities on firm profitability remains largely unexplored. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature by exploring optimal introductory pricing of a financial service. Employing agent-based simulation experiments, we find that offering introductory discounts significantly increases a firm’s net present value (NPV) of profits. Moreover, the findings suggest the amount of discount and the duration of time that a new customer receives the discount are critical factors in determining the NPV of profits. The research and managerial implications are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aggarwal, P. and Vaidyanathan, R. (2003) Use it or lose it: Purchase acceleration effects of time-limited promotions. Journal of Consumer Behaviour 2 (4): 393–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alderson, D.L. (2008) Catching the ‘network science’ bug: Insight and opportunity for the operations researcher. Operations Research 56 (5): 1047–1065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amini, Mehdi, Wakolbinger, T., Racer, M. and Nejad, M.G. (2012) Alternative supply chain production – Sales policies for New Product diffusion: An agent-based modeling and simulation approach. European Journal of Operational Research 216 (2): 301–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arends, B. (2014) The credit-card shuffle; how to get freebies by signing up for credit cards – And then canceling them. Wall Street Journal 10 January.

  • Avlonitis, G.J. and Indounas, K. (2015) Price management in financial services. In: T. Harrison and H. Estelami (eds.) The Routledge Companion to Financial Services Marketing. New York, pp. 254–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, F.M. (1969) A new product growth for model consumer durables. Management Science 15 (5): 215–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, F.M. (1980) The relationship between diffusion rates, experience curves, and demand elasticities for consumer durable technological innovations. The Journal of Business 53 (3): S51–S67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, F.M. (2004) Comments on ‘a new product growth for model consumer durables’. Management Science 50 (12): 1825–1832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benzion, U., Rapoport, A. and Yagil, J. (1989) Discount rates inferred from decisions: An experimental stu. Management Science 35 (3): 270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bijmolt, T.H.A., Van Heerde, H.J. and Pieters, R.G.M. (2005) New empirical generalizations on the determinants of price elasticity. Journal of Marketing Research 42 (2): 141–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calantone, R.J. and Di Benedetto, C.A. (2007) Clustering product launches by price and launch strategy. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 22 (1): 4–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, J., Mundt, K. and Sharp, B. (2009) Consideration sets for financial services brands. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 14 (3): 190–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devlin, J.F., Worthington, S. and Gerrard, P. (2007) An analysis of main and subsidiary credit card holding and spending. International Journal of Bank Marketing 25 (2): 89–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, P.R. and Sawyer, A.G. (1990) The price knowledge and search of supermarket shoppers. The Journal of Marketing 54 (3): 42–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esteban-Bravo, M., Múgica, J.M. and Vidal-Sanz, J.M. (2005) Optimal duration of magazine promotions. Marketing Letters 16 (2): 99–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estelami, H. (2003) The effect of price presentation tactics on consumer evaluation effort of multi-dimensional prices. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 11 (2): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estelami, H. (2005) A cross-category examination of consumer price awareness in financial and non-financial services. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 10 (2): 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estelami, H. (2009) Cognitive drivers of suboptimal financial decisions: Implications for financial literacy campaigns. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 13 (4): 273–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estelami, H. (2012) Marketing Financial Services. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Reserve (2014) Federal Reserve’s G 19 report on consumer credit, http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/current/, accessed 17 December 2014.

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (2013) The survey of Consumer Payment Choice, March 2013, http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/cprc/scpc/, accessed 17 December 2014.

  • Fortin, D. and Uncles, M. (2011) The first decade: Emerging issues of the twenty-first century in consumer marketing. The Journal of Consumer Marketing 28 (7): 472–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoreishi Nejad, S.M. (2011) The Role of Influentials in the Diffusion of New Products. Memphis, TN: The University of Memphis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, J., Libai, B., Moldovan, S. and Muller, E. (2007) The NPV of bad news. International Journal of Research in Marketing 24 (3): 186–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, J., Libai, B. and Muller, E. (2002) Riding the saddle: How cross-market communications can create a major slump in sales. Journal of Marketing 66 (2): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, J., Libai, B. and Muller, E. (2010) The chilling effects of network externalities. International Journal of Research in Marketing 27 (1): 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golder, P.N. and Tellis, G.J. (1998) Beyond diffusion: An affordability model of the growth of new consumer durables. Journal of Forecasting 17 (3–4): 259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal, D., Ailawadi, K.L., Gauri, D., Hall, K., Kopalle, P. and Robertson, J.R. (2011) Innovations in retail pricing and promotions. Journal of Retailing 87 (1): S43–S52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S. et al. (2006) Modeling customer lifetime value. Journal of Service Research 9 (2): 139–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T. (2000) Financial Services Marketing. Essex, England: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T. and Estelami, H. (2015) The Routledge Companion to Financial Services Marketing. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., Onyia, O.P. and Tagg, S.K. (2014) Towards a universal model of internet banking adoption: Initial conceptualization. International Journal of Bank Marketing 32 (7): 647–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinterhuber, A. (2004) Towards value-based pricing – An integrative framework for decision making. Industrial Marketing Management 33 (8): 765–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalish, S. (1985) A new product adoption model with price, advertising, and uncertainty. Management Science 31 (12): 1569–1585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan, T.V., Bass, F.M. and Jain, D.C. (1999) Optimal pricing strategy for new products. Management Science 45 (12): 165–1663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libai, B., Muller, E. and Peres, R. (2009) The diffusion of services. Journal of Marketing Research 46 (2): 163–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libai, B., Muller, E. and Peres, R. (2013) Decomposing the value of word-of-mouth seeding programs: Acceleration vs. expansion. Journal of Marketing Research 50 (2): 161–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lusardi, A. (2008) Financial Literacy: An Essential Tool for Informed Consumer Choice? Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 14084.

  • Manning, R.D. (2001) Credit Card Nation: The Consequences of America’s Addiction to Credit. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazumdar, T. and Monroe, K.B. (1990) The effects of buyers’ intentions to learn price information on price encoding. Journal of Retailing 66 (1): 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesak, H.I. and Darrat, A.F. (2002) Optimal pricing of new subscriber services under interdependent adoption processes. Journal of Service Research 5 (2): 140–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min, I. and Kim, J.-H. (2003) Modeling credit card borrowing: A comparison of type i and type ii tobit approaches. Southern Economic Journal 70 (1): 128–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe, K.B. and Lee, A.V. (1999) Remembering versus knowing: Issues in buyers’ processing of price information. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27 (2): 207–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morwitz, V.G., Greenleaf, E.A. and Johnson, E.J. (1998) Divide and prosper: Consumers’ reactions to partitioned prices. Journal of Marketing Research 35 (4): 453–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad, M.G. (2013) Optimal pricing for the growth of innovations with direct network externalities: An agent-based approach. Journal of Product & Brand Management 22 (2): 180–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad, M.G., Amini, M. and Babakus, E. (2015) Seeding the market for new product success: The role of homophily. Journal of Retailing 91 (1): 68–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad, M.G. and Estelami, H. (2012) Pricing financial services innovations. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 17 (2): 120–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad, M.G., Evans, R.D. and Babakus, E. (2009) Alternative measures of price perceptions: Implications for service evaluation models. Services Marketing Quarterly 30 (4): 397–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejad, M.G., Sherrell, D.L. and Babakus, E. (2014) Influentials and influence mechanisms in new product diffusion: An integrative review. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice 22 (2): 185–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neslin, S.A., Gupta, S., Kamakura, W., Lu, J. and Mason, C.H. (2006) Defection detection: Measuring and understanding the predictive accuracy of customer churn models. Journal of marketing research 43 (2): 204–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, M.J. and Macal, C.M. (2007) Managing Business Complexity. New York: Oxford University press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • North, M.J. et al. (2013) Complex adaptive systems modeling with repast simphony. Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling 1 (1): 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panther, T. and Farquhar, J.D. (2004) Consumer responses to dissatisfaction with financial service providers: An exploration of why some stay while others switch. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 8 (4): 343–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peres, R., Mahajan, V. and Muller, E. (2010) Innovation diffusion and new product growth models: A critical review and research directions. International Journal of Research in Marketing 27 (2): 91–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rand, W. and Rust, R.T. (2011) Agent-based modeling in marketing: Guidelines for rigor. International Journal of Research in Marketing 28 (3): 181–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, D.P. and Ghahremani, Y. (2015) Credit card statistics, industry facts, debt Statistics, http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debt-statistics-1276.php, Retrieved 28 September 2015.

  • Richards, J.I. (2009) Common fallacies in law-related consumer research. Journal of Consumer Affairs 43 (1): 174–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B. and Lakhani, C. (1975) Dynamic price models for new product planning. Management Science 21 (10): 1113–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E.M. (2003) Diffusion of Innovations, 5th edn. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlereth, C. (2014) Pricing plans for a financial advisory service. European Journal of Marketing 48 (3/4): 595–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffes, E.M., Murthi, B.P.S. and Rao, R.C. (2011) Why are some modes of acquisition more profitable? A study of the credit card industry. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 16 (2): 90–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stremersch, S., Lehmann, D.R. and Dekimpe, M.G. (2010) Preface to ‘the chilling effects of network externalities’. International Journal of Research in Marketing 27 (1): 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sultan, F., Farley, J.U. and Lehmann, D.R. (1990) A meta-analysis of applications of diffusion models. Journal of Marketing Research 27 (1): 70–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellis, G.J. (1988) The price elasticity of selective demand: A meta-analysis of economic models of sales. Journal of Marketing Research 25 (4): 331–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trench, M.S., Pederson, S.P., Lau, E.T., Ma, L., Wang, H. and Nair, S.K. (2003) Managing credit lines and prices for bank one credit cards. Interfaces 33 (5): 4–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, E. (2008) Product safety regulation as a model for financial services regulation. Journal of Consumer Affairs 42 (3): 452–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, F.O. (2014) Banks that make the most money, and the least, on credit card loans, http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/bank-yields-loans-1276.php, accessed 3 March 2015.

  • Wuebker, G., Baumgarten, J., Schmidt-Gallas, D. and Koderisch, M. (2008) Price Management in Financial Services. Surrey. UK: Gower Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, M.S. (1994) How buyers evaluate product bundles: A model of anchoring and adjustment. Journal of Consumer Research 21 (2): 342–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousafzai, S.Y. (2012) A literature review of theoretical models of internet banking adoption at the individual level. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 17 (3): 215–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Hooman Estelami for his comments on early drafts of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad G Nejad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nejad, M., Kabadayi, S. Optimal introductory pricing for new financial services. J Financ Serv Mark 21, 34–50 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2015.25

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2015.25

Keywords

Navigation