Notes
For an overview of liberal arguments about conflict, see Keohane (1990), Stein (1993), and Doyle (1997).
Note, however, that a few studies of this topic have been cast at the level of the individual country (Domke, 1988: 119–131) or of the entire global system (Mansfield, 1994: Chapter 5). Some work has also addressed a longer time frame (Barbieri, 2002; McDonald, 2009; Russett & Oneal, 2001).
For a review of this literature, see Mansfield and Pollins (2003). For studies that challenge the finding of an inverse relationship between trade and conflict, see Gasiorowski (1986) and Barbieri (2002). For studies that argue that this relationship is conditional on a third factor, see Mansfield and Pevehouse (2000) and McDonald (2009).
References
Asiedu, E. 2002. On the determinants of foreign direct investment to developing countries: Is Africa different? World Development, 30 (1): 107–119.
Barbieri, K. 2002. The liberal illusion: Does trade promote peace? Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Barbieri, K., & Levy, J. S. 1999. Sleeping with the enemy: The impact of war on trade. Journal of Peace Research, 36 (4): 463–479.
Bennet, P. D., & Green, R. T. 1972. Political instability as a determinant of direct foreign investment in marketing. Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (May): 182–186.
Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. 2006. Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23 (2): 397–415.
Büthe, T., & Milner, H. V. 2008. The politics of foreign direct investment into developing countries: Increasing FDI through international trade agreements? American Journal of Political Science, 52 (4): 741–762.
Buzan, B. 1984. Economic structure and international security: The limits of the liberal case. International Organization, 38 (4): 597–624.
Domke, W. 1988. War and the changing global system. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Doyle, M. W. 1997. Ways of war and peace: Realism, liberalism, and socialism. New York: W.W. Norton.
Earle, E. M. 1986. Adam Smith, Alexander Hamilton, Frederich List: The economic foundations of military power. In P. Paret (Ed.), Makers of modern strategy from Machiavelli to the nuclear age: 217–261. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Edwards, S. 1990. Capital flows, foreign direct investment and debt equity swaps in developing countries, NBER Working Paper 3497, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
Gasiorowski, M. 1986. Economic interdependence and international conflict: Some cross-national evidence. International Studies Quarterly, 30 (1): 23–38.
Gilpin, R. 1981. War and change in world politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Globerman, S., & Shapiro, D. 2003. Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 34 (1): 19–39.
Gowa, J. 1994. Allies, adversaries, and international trade. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Gowa, J., & Mansfield, E. D. 1993. Power politics and international trade. American Political Science Review, 87 (2): 408–420.
Green, R. T., & Cunningham, W. 1975. The determinants of U.S. foreign investment: An empirical examination. Management International Review, 15 (2–3): 113–120.
Henisz, W. J. 2000. The institutional environment for multinational investment. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 16 (2): 334–364.
Hirschman, A. O. [1945] 1980. National power and the structure of foreign trade. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hirschman, A. O. 1977. The passions and the interests: Political arguments for capitalism before its triumph. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jensen, N. M. 2006. Nation-states and the multinational corporation: A political economy of foreign direct investment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jones, D. M., Bremer, S. A., & Singer, J. D. 1996. Militarized interstate disputes, 1816–1992: Rationale, coding rules, and empirical patterns. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 15 (2): 163–213.
Keohane, R. O. 1990. Economic liberalism reconsidered. In J. Dunn (Ed.), The economic limits to modern politics: 165–194. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Kobrin, S. 1976. The environmental determinants of foreign manufacturing investment: An ex post empirical analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 7 (2): 29–42.
Kobrin, S., Basek, J., Blank, S., & La Palombara, J. 1980. The assessment and evaluation of noneconomic environments by American firms: A preliminary report. Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (1): 32–47.
Levy, J. S. 1989. The causes of war: A review of theories and evidence. In P. E. Tetlock, J. L. Husbands, R. Jervis, P. C. Stern, & C. Tilly (Eds), Behavior, society, and nuclear war, Vol. 1: 209–333. New York: Oxford University Press.
Liberman, P. 1996. Does conquest pay? The exploitation of occupied industrial societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mansfield, E. D. 1994. Power, trade, and war. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mansfield, E. D., & Pevehouse, J. C. 2000. Trade blocs, trade flows, and international conflict. International Organization, 54 (4): 775–808.
Mansfield, E. D., & Pollins, B. M. 2001. The study of interdependence and conflict: Recent advances, open questions, and directions for future research. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 45 (6): 834–859.
Mansfield, E. D., & Pollins, B. M. (Eds), 2003. Economic interdependence and international conflict: New perspectives on an enduring debate. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
McDonald, P. J. 2009. The invisible hand of peace: Capitalism, the war machine, and international relations theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mearshimer, J. J. 1990. Back to the future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War. International Security, 15 (1): 5–56.
Morrow, J. D., Siverson, R. M., & Tabares, T. E. 1998. The political determinants of international trade: The great powers, 1907–1990. American Political Science Review, 97 (3): 649–661.
Morrow, J. D., Siverson, R. M., & Tabares, T. E. 1999. Correction to “The political determinants of international trade”. American Political Science Review, 93 (4): 931–933.
Nigh, D. 1985. The effect of political events on United States direct foreign investment: A pooled time-series cross-sectional analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 16 (1): 1–17.
Nigh, D. 1986. Political events and the foreign direct investment decision: An empirical examination. Managerial and Decision Economics, 7 (2): 99–106.
Polachek, S. W. 1980. Conflict and trade. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 24 (1): 55–78.
Pollins, B. M. 1989a. Conflict, cooperation, and commerce: The effect of international political interactions on bilateral trade flows. American Journal of Political Science, 33 (3): 737–761.
Pollins, B. M. 1989b. Does trade still follow the flag? American Political Science Review, 83 (2): 465–480.
Ripsman, N. M., & Blanchard, J. F. 1996. Commercial liberalism under fire: Evidence from 1914 and 1936. Security Studies, 6 (2): 4–50.
Rosecrance, R. 1986. The rise of the trading state: Commerce and conquest in the modern world. New York: Free Press.
Russett, B., & Oneal, J. R. 2001. Triangulating peace: Democracy, interdependence, and international organizations. New York: W.W. Norton.
Staley, E. 1939. The world economy in transition. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
Stein, A. A. 1993. Governments, economic interdependence, and international cooperation. In P. E. Tetlock, J. L. Husbands, R. Jervis, P. C. Stern, & C. Tilly (Eds), Behavior, society, and nuclear war, Vol 3: 241–324. New York: Oxford University Press.
Thunell, L. 1977. Political risks in international business: Investment behavior of multinational corporations. New York: Praeger.
Waltz, K. 1979. Theory of international politics. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Acknowledgements
We thank all the participants of the 2007 Frontiers Conference, whose interest in the topics addressed here prompted JIBS to launch this Special Issue. We also thank Florida International University's CIBER for its role in that process. We are especially grateful to Lorraine Eden, the JIBS Editorial Board, and the anonymous reviewers. Finally, we thank the Academy of International Business for its support of the research contained in this Special Issue.
Additional information
1Special Issue Guest Editors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Henisz, W., Mansfield, E. & Von Glinow, M. Conflict, security, and political risk: International business in challenging times. J Int Bus Stud 41, 759–764 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.11
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.11