On almost universal mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers
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- by Ben Kane and Zhi-Wei Sun PDF
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Abstract:
In 1997 K. Ono and K. Soundararajan [Invent. Math. 130(1997)] proved that under the generalized Riemann hypothesis any positive odd integer greater than $2719$ can be represented by the famous Ramanujan form $x^2+y^2+10z^2$; equivalently the form $2x^2+5y^2+4T_z$ represents all integers greater than 1359, where $T_z$ denotes the triangular number $z(z+1)/2$. Given positive integers $a,b,c$ we employ modular forms and the theory of quadratic forms to determine completely when the general form $ax^2+by^2+cT_z$ represents sufficiently large integers and to establish similar results for the forms $ax^2+bT_y+cT_z$ and $aT_x+bT_y+cT_z$. Here are some consequences of our main theorems: (i) All sufficiently large odd numbers have the form $2ax^2+y^2+z^2$ if and only if all prime divisors of $a$ are congruent to 1 modulo 4. (ii) The form $ax^2+y^2+T_z$ is almost universal (i.e., it represents sufficiently large integers) if and only if each odd prime divisor of $a$ is congruent to 1 or 3 modulo 8. (iii) $ax^2+T_y+T_z$ is almost universal if and only if all odd prime divisors of $a$ are congruent to 1 modulo 4. (iv) When $v_2(a)\not =3$, the form $aT_x+T_y+T_z$ is almost universal if and only if all odd prime divisors of $a$ are congruent to 1 modulo 4 and $v_2(a)\not =5,7,\ldots$, where $v_2(a)$ is the $2$-adic order of $a$.References
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Additional Information
- Ben Kane
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 86-90, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- MR Author ID: 789505
- Email: bkane@math.uni-koeln.de
- Zhi-Wei Sun
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
- MR Author ID: 254588
- Email: zwsun@nju.edu.cn
- Received by editor(s): September 18, 2008
- Published electronically: July 23, 2010
- Additional Notes: This research was conducted when the first author was a postdoctor at Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
The second author was the corresponding author and he was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (grant 10871087) of the People’s Republic of China - © Copyright 2010
American Mathematical Society
The copyright for this article reverts to public domain 28 years after publication. - Journal: Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 362 (2010), 6425-6455
- MSC (2010): Primary 11E25; Secondary 11D85, 11E20, 11E95, 11F27, 11F37, 11P99, 11S99
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-2010-05290-0
- MathSciNet review: 2678981