Curvature-Driven Lipid Sorting in Biomembranes

Abstract

It has often been suggested that the high curvature of transport intermediates in cells may be a sufficient means to segregate different lipid populations based on the relative energy costs of forming bent membranes. In this review, we present in vitro experiments that highlight the essential physics of lipid sorting at thermal equilibrium: It is driven by a trade-off between bending energy, mixing entropy, and interactions between species. We collect evidence that lipid sorting depends strongly on lipid–lipid and protein–lipid interactions, and hence on the underlying composition of the membrane and on the presence of bound proteins.