Abstract
Nonstoichiometric perovskite-structured alkaline-earth titanates with ferroelectric, paraelectric, and paraelastic phases were investigated for thermoelectric properties. Depending on the degree of reduction, different trends are noted. In ferroelectric , thermopower anomalies are observed in and around the paraelectric -ferroelectric and ferroelectric -ferroelectric phase transition temperatures, and the nature of these trends was found to depend on the degree of reduction. This indicates a coupling between the thermoelectric effect and the ferroelectric phase transition, a phenomena also noted in the recent work of Kolodiazhnyi [T. Kolodiazhnyi, Phys. Rev. B 78, 045107 (2008)]. Heavily reduced showed a strong metallic behavior in the thermopower and conductivity data without anomalies as the phase is paraelastic in the temperature range studied. The nature of the reduction from the low oxygen partial pressure anneals is heterogeneous; clusters of defects wide meander through the crystallites. The defective regions have high oxygen vacancy concentrations, and the chemical nature of the Ti changes from to . The complex nature of the thermochemical reduction near the metal-insulator transition will challenge simple physical models for oxide thermoelectrics. Traditional thermopower models are discussed in relation to the reported thermopower and the conductivity in the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.
1 More- Received 28 January 2009
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.134110
©2009 American Physical Society