Figure 1

(Color online) The temperature dependence of the Cartesian components of the toroidal moment (a), axial piezotoroidic coefficients (b), and electric toroidal susceptibility elements (c), for a cubic nanodot of PZT having $48\mathrm{\AA }$ of lateral size, and being under stress-free and open-circuit boundary conditions, as predicted from the first-principles-based technique employed here and from the use of Eqs. (1, 2). The inset of Fig. 1c shows the dipole vortex structure in the nanodot. The theoretical temperature has been rescaled to match the experimental value of the Curie temperature in bulk PZT.Reuse & Permissions