Figure 1

Loss component ${\mathit{\epsilon }}^{″}$ of the complex dielectric permittivity of a 5EG-water solution at $185\mathrm{K}$. The solid line through the data points is a least-squares fit using a superposition of a power law for conductivity, a Harriliak-Nagami function for process I, and a Cole-Cole (CC) function for process II. Inset 1: Variation of the relaxation strength with water concentration $\left(w_c\right)$ for 5EG-water mixtures. A dramatic increase is noted for high water concentration $(w_c>20\mathrm{wt}\%)$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a), (c) Heat flow measured by DSC of 5EG-water solution and PVME-water solution during heating at a rate of $10\mathrm{K}∕\min$. (b), (d) Temperature dependence of the relaxation times obtained from dielectric spectroscopy on 5EG-water and PVME-water solutions. Data for PVME in the high-frequency and temperature range are shown as open points [19]. Note that for polymeric solutions only PII is resolved due to the fact that the dc conductivity as well as the electrode polarization contributions mask the slower and likely much weaker PI.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

(Color) (a) Master curve of the dielectric relaxation time for water dynamics in a wide variety of systems at temperature lower than $T_{g,\mathrm{DSC}}$. The number in parentheses $\left({\tau }_n\right)$ indicates the vertical shift applied to each system. Biological systems: myoglobin (this work, $44\mathrm{wt}\%$), DNA (this work, $30\mathrm{wt}\%$), and glucose $(33\mathrm{wt}\%)$ [17]. Sugars: fructose (this work, $30\mathrm{wt}\%$), lyxose (this work, $30\mathrm{wt}\%$), ribose (this work, $30\mathrm{wt}\%$), and glucose $(35\mathrm{wt}\%)$ [17]. Polymeric systems: PVME (this work, 40 and $50\mathrm{wt}\%$) and PVP this work, 30, 40, and $55\mathrm{wt}\%$. Other synthetic systems: sorbitol (this work, $40\mathrm{wt}\%$), 3EG triethylene glycol (3EG) [5], tetraethylene glycol (4EG) [5], pentaethylene glycol (5EG) [5], hexaethylene glycol (6EG) [5] $(35\mathrm{wt}\%)$, $n\mathrm{PG}$ $(n=1,2,3)$, [4] (40 and $50\mathrm{wt}\%$), PEG600 $(33\mathrm{wt}\%)$. In addition we also show the results for water geometrically confined in molecular sieves [26] and purple membrane [27]. The solid line represents the Arrhenius equation with $E_a=0.54\mathrm{eV}$. (b) Master curve of the dielectric relaxation time for hydration water dynamics in a wide variety of systems at temperature higher than $T_g$. The solid line represents the VFT equation (see text). The number in parentheses $\left({\tau }_m\right)$ indicates the vertical translation applied to each system [symbols as in (a)] Literature data at room temperature for PVP, PVME [19], DNA [18] and myoglobin [1] are also included.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

(Color) Correlation between the relaxations times for process I and process II at temperatures higher than $T_g$. The number in parentheses indicates the corresponding water content.Reuse & Permissions