Figure 1

(Color online) Human epithelial breast-cancer cells with internalized 200 nm particles. (a) Particles distributed within the cytoplasm of living cells. (b) Colocalization of live-stain membrane dye (green diffuse background) and internalized 200 nm carboxyl-coated particles (red, bright dots) indicates particle encapsulation in vesicles (arrows). Cells were fixed before imaging. Many particles but not all of them were encapsulated. Scale bars are $15\mu \text{m}$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Ensemble-averaged MSD of all particles in the cells. Markers are ◆ 100 nm carboxyl particles, ◼ 100 nm PEG particles, ● 200 nm carboxyl particles, and ▲ 200 nm PEG particles. Line indicates logarithmic slope of 1.25. Inset: representative trajectory, demonstrating subballistic flights between local confined regimes. Scalebar: 50 nm.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Scaling exponents of displacement moments, $\lambda \left(q\right)$, as a function of the moment order $q$. Data presented are for 200 nm carboxyl-coated particles, representative of other particles. (a) Scaling exponents obtained from all displacements at short lag times. Fit lines are $\lambda \left(q\right)=0.58q$ at low $q$ values and $\lambda \left(q\right)=0.8q-0.43$ at high $q$ values. Error bars are on the order of the markers and were omitted for clarity. (b) Only displacements below the $3\sigma$ cutoff are considered. When large displacements were excluded, $\lambda \left(q\right)$ was linear with moment order $q$. Slope is 0.62, similar to the slope obtained at low $q$ values without exclusion. Inset: Displacements $\Delta r$ at lag-time 0.0833 s. Dashed line is at three standard deviations from the mean, $3\sigma =62\text{nm}$, typical displacements are below that value.Reuse & Permissions