Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

Alexander L. Fetter
Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 647 – Published 18 May 2009

Abstract

After reviewing the ideal Bose-Einstein gas in a box and in a harmonic trap, the effect of interactions on the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate are discussed, along with the dynamics of small-amplitude perturbations (the Bogoliubov equations). When the condensate rotates with angular velocity Ω, one or several vortices nucleate, leading to many observable consequences. With more rapid rotation, the vortices form a dense triangular array, and the collective behavior of these vortices has additional experimental implications. For Ω near the radial trap frequency ω, the lowest-Landau-level approximation becomes applicable, providing a simple picture of such rapidly rotating condensates. Eventually, as Ωω, the rotating dilute gas is expected to undergo a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to various highly correlated (nonsuperfluid) states analogous to those familiar from the fractional quantum Hall effect for electrons in a strong perpendicular magnetic field.

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    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.647

    ©2009 American Physical Society

    Authors & Affiliations

    Alexander L. Fetter*

    • Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA

    • *fetter@stanford.edu

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    Issue

    Vol. 81, Iss. 2 — April - June 2009

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