Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:10:24.562Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Socially Responsible Private Regulation: World-Culture or World-Capitalism?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Abstract

This article analyzes the phenomenon of “corporate social responsibility” (CSR; specifically: social private regulation) in light of two sociological paradigms of globalization: “world-culture” and “world-capitalism.” The study treats three analytically distinct features of CSR: the political contestation over its meaning, the role of business studies in transforming it into a managerial model, and its consolidation as a market of authorities. The study finds that (1) while CSR may be theorized as a emergent “world cultural” model, the culture paradigm does not take sufficient account of the role of corporations in shaping it, and (2) while both paradigms recognize the transition from political contestations over the character of CSR to its deployment by means of private regulation, the world-capitalism paradigm offers stronger tools for theorizing the mechanisms of change that mediate between political agency and institutionalized regulatory outcomes.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© 2011 Law and Society Association.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I am thankful to Christine Parker, Susan Silbey, Natan Sznaider, and anonymous reviewers who provided highly useful comments on this manuscript.

References

References

Aupperle, Kenneth, et al. (1985) “An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability,” 28 Academy of Management J. 446–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Michael, & Finnemore, Martha (2004) Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Bartley, Tim (2007) “Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Conditions,” 113 American J. of Sociology 2, 297351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boli, John, & Thomas, George M. (1997) “World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization,” 62 American Sociological Rev. 171–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boltanski, Luc, & Chiapello, Eve (2005) The New Spirit of Capitalism. London: Verso.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, John, & Drahos, Peter (2000) Global Business Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, John (2008) Regulatory Capitalism: How It Works, Ideas for Making It Work Better. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burchell, Graham (1993) “Liberal Government and Techniques of the Self,” 22 Economy and Society 267–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callan, Scott J., & Thomas, Janet M. (2009) “Corporate Financial Performance and Corporate Social Performance: An Update and Reinvestigation,” 16 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 6178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, John L. (2007) “Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility,” 32 Academy of Management Rev. 946–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, Archie B. (1979) “A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance,” 4 Academy of Management Rev. 497505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, Archie B. (1999) “Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct,” 38 Business and Society 268–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collison, David J., et al. (2008) “The Financial Performance of the FTSE4Good Indices,” 15 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 1428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Commission of the European Communities (2001) “Green Paper: Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility,” Brussels, COM 366 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0366en01.pdf (accessed 26 June 2010).Google Scholar
Commission of the European Communities (2002) “Communication From the Commission Concerning Corporate Social Responsibility: A Business Contribution to Sustainable Development,” Brussels, COM 347 Final, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/february/tradoc_127374.pdf (accessed 19 March 2011).Google Scholar
Commission of the European Communities (2006) “Implementing the Partnership for Growth and Jobs: Making Europe a Pole of Excellence on Corporate Social Responsibility,” http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0136:FIN:en:PDF (accessed 15 July 2010).Google Scholar
Conley, John, & Williams, Cynthia (2005) “Engage, Embed and Embellish: The Theory and Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility,” 31 J. of Corporation Law 138.Google Scholar
Cutler, Claire, et al. (1999) Private Authority and International Affairs. New York: State Univ. of New York Press.Google Scholar
Davidsson, Pall A. (2002) “Legal Enforcement of Corporate Social Responsibility Within the EU,” 8 Columbia J. of European Law 529.Google Scholar
DeWinter, Rebecca (2001) “The Anti-Sweatshop Movement: Constructing Corporate Moral Agency in the Global Apparel Industry,” 15 Ethics & International Affairs 99115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul J., & Powell, Walter W. (1983) “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” 48 American Sociological Rev. 147–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djelic, Marie-Laure (2006) “Marketization: From Intellectual Agenda to Global Policy-making,” in Djelic, M. L. & Sahlin-Andersson, K., eds., Transnational Governance: Institutional Dynamics of Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djelic, Marie-Laure, & Sahlin-Andersson, Kerstin (2006) “Institutional Dynamics in a Re-ordering World,” in Djelic, M. L. & Sahlin-Andersson, K., eds., Transnational Governance: Institutional Dynamics of Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djelic, Marie-Laure, & Quack, Sigrid (2003) “Globalization as a Double Process of Institutional Change and Institution Building,” in Djelic, M. L. & Quack, S., eds., Globalization and Institutions: Redefining the Rules of the Economic Game. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doh, Jonathan P., & Guay, Terrance R. (2006) “Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Policy, and NGO Activism in Europe and the United States: An Institutional-Stakeholder Perspective,” 43 J. of Management Studies 4773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drahos, Peter, & Braithwaite, John (2006) Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Euractiv (2007) “Corporate Social Responsibility: Back on the EU Agenda?http://www.euractiv.com/en/socialeurope/corporate-social-responsibility-back-eu-agenda-linksdossier-188376 (accessed 10 Aug. 2010).Google Scholar
European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR (2004) “CSR: Final Results and Recommendations,” http://www.mtin.es/es/empleo/economia-soc/RespoSocEmpresas/docs/Informe_Multistakeholder.pdf (accessed 10 June 2010).Google Scholar
Finnemore, M. (1996) “Norms, Culture, and World Politics: Insights From Sociology's Institutionalism,” 50 International Organization 325–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourcade, Marion (2006) “The Construction of a Global Profession: The Transnationalization of Economics,” 112 American J. of Sociology 145–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourcade-Gourinchas, Marion, & Babb, Sarah L. (2002) “The Rebirth of the Liberal Creed: Paths to Neoliberalism in Four Countries,” 108 American J. of Sociology 533–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, Milton (1970) “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” The New York Times Magazine, 13 Sept. 122–6.Google Scholar
Gariga, Elisabet, & Mele, Domenec (2004) “CSR Theories: Mapping the Territory,” 53 J. of Business Ethics 5171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haigh, Matthew, & Jones, Mark (2006) “The Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Review,” 5 The Business Rev. 245–51.Google Scholar
Haufler, Virginia (2001) A Public Role for the Private Sector: Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Joseph, Sarah (2004) Corporations and Transnational Human Rights Litigation. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Kinley, David, & Tadaki, Junko (2004) “From Talk to Walk: The Emergence of Human Rights Responsibilities for Corporations at International Law,” 44 Virginia J. of International Law 9311023.Google Scholar
Kinley, David, et al. (2007) “‘The Norms Are Dead! Long Live the Norms! The Politics Behind the UN Human Rights Norms for Corporations,” in McBarnet, D. et al. eds., The New Corporate Accountability: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Lankoski, Leena (2008) “Corporate Responsibility Activities and Economic Performance: A Theory of Why and How They Are Connected,” 17 Business Strategy and the Environment 536–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Min-Dong P. (2008) “Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Evolutionary Path and the Road Ahead,” 10 International J. of Management Rev. 5373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemke, Thomas (2001) “The Birth of ‘Bio-politics’: Michel Foucault's Lecture at the Collège de France on Neo-liberal Governmentality,” 30 Economy and Society 190207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobel, Orly (2004) “The Renew Deal: The Fall of Regulation and the Rise of Governance in Contemporary Legal Thought,” 89 Minnesota Law Rev. 342.Google Scholar
Locke, Richard M. (2003) “The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike,” in Kochan, T. A. & Schmalensee, R., eds., Management: Inventing and Delivering Its Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Margolis, Joshua D., & Walsh, James (2001) People and Profits? The Search for a Link Between a Company's Social and Financial Performance. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, Chris, & Andriof, Joerg (1998) “Towards an Understanding of Corporate Citizenship and How to Influence It,” 2 Citizenship Studies 329–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, Karl [1848](1998) The Communist Manifesto. London: Verso.Google Scholar
McBarnet, Doreen (2007) “The New Corporate Accountability: Corporate Social Responsibility Beyond Law, Through Law, for Law,” in McBarnet, D. et al. eds., The New Corporate Accountability: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, W. John, et al. (1997) “World Society and the Nation State,” 103 American J. of Sociology 144–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlitzki, Mark, et al. (2003) “Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis,” 24 Organization Studies 403–41.Google Scholar
Parker, Christine (2007) “Meta-Regulation: Legal Accountability for Corporate Social Responsibility,” in McBarnet, D., et al. eds., The New Corporate Accountability: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Picciotto, Sol (in press) Regulating Global Corporate Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Potoski, Mathew, & Prakash, Assem (2005) “Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance: ISO 14001 and Firms' Regulatory Compliance,” 49 American J. of Political Science 235–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, Michael (2003) “Evaluating the Audit Explosion,” 25 Law and Policy 185202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, Michael (2005) “Enterprise Risk Management and the Organization of Uncertainty in Financial Institutions,” in Knorr-Cetina, K. & Preda, A., eds., The Sociology of Financial Markets. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Prakash, Aseem, & Hart, Jeffrey A., eds. (1999) Globalization and Governance. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Prakash, Aseem, & Potoski, Mathew (2004) “Regulatory Convergence in Non-Governmental Regimes? An Empirical Examination of Cross-National Adoption of ISO 14001,” 66 J. of Politics 885905.Google Scholar
Prasad, Monica (2005) “Why Is France So French? Culture, Institutions, and Neoliberalism 1974–81,” 111 American J. of Sociology 357407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratner, Steven P. (2001) “Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility,” 111 Yale Law J. 443529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenau, James (2007) “Governing the Ungovernable: The Challenge of a Global Disaggregation of Authority,” 1 Regulation & Governance 8897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenau, James N., & Czempiel, Ernst-Otto, eds. (1992) Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, James K. (2005) “Corporate Social Responsibility as Business Strategy,” in Ronnie, D. Lipschutz, ed., Globalization, Governmentality and Global Politics: Regulation for the Rest of Us? London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ruggie, John G. (2001) “Global_Governance.net: The Global Compact as Learning Network,” 7 Global Governance 371–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahlin-Andersson, Kerstin (2006) “Corporate Social Responsibility: A Trend and a Movement but of What and for What?6 Corporate Governance: The International J. of Business in Society 595608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, Boaventura (2002) Toward a New Legal Common Sense: Law, Globalization, and Emancipation. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Scott, Colin (2008) “Reflexive Governance, Meta-Regulation and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Heineken Effect,” in Boeger, N. et al. eds., Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Sell, Susan K. (2003) Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, Ronen (2004) “Between Self-Regulation and the Alien Tort Claims Act: On the Contested Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility,” 38 Law & Society Rev. 635–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, Ronen (2008) “The Age of Responsibilization: On Market-Embedded Morality,” 37 Economy and Society 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, Ronen (2010) “Capitalism, Governance, and Authority: The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility,” 6 Annual Rev. of Law and Social Science 531–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sklair, Leslie (1995) The Sociology of the Global System. Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Sklair, Leslie (1997) “Social Movements for Global Capitalism: The Transnational Capitalist Class in Action,” 4 Rev. of International Political Economy 514–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sklair, Leslie (2002) Globalization: Capitalism and Its Alternatives. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Timmermans, Stefan, & Epstein, Steven (2010) “A World Full of Standards but Not a Standard World: Toward a Sociology of Standardization,” 36 Annual Rev. of Sociology 6989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel (2004) World-System Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Christopher, & Rwabizambuga, Alexis (2006) “Institutional Pressures, Corporate Reputation, and Voluntary Codes of Conduct: An Examination of the Equator Principles,” 111 Business and Society Rev. 89114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, David (2005) The Market for Virtue: The Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, David (2008) “Private Global Business Regulation,” 11 Annual Rev. of Political Science 261–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zadek, Simon (2004) “The Path to Corporate Responsibility,” 82 Harvard Business Rev. 125–32.Google ScholarPubMed

Case Cited

John Doe et al. v. Unocal Corporation et al., 110 F.Supp.2d 1294 (C.D. Cal. 2000).Google Scholar