European Journal of Business Science and Technology 2018, 4(2):174-186 | DOI: 10.11118/ejobsat.v4i2.115

Differences of Diversity Attitudes between Employees with and without an Immigration Background: The Case of Germany

Petia Genkova1
1 Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Germany

The demographic shift in the age structure has the effects that many ageing employees work in organisations. Migration can slow down the ageing of population but could not stop it. More and more people with immigration background work in organisations. Therefore, the question is whether diversity sensitive attitudes count for all diversity aspects. The central aim of the study is to deal with the problem fields of multicultural teamwork. Thereby, the focus is on the collaboration of employees with and without immigration background. The interviews with employees with and without an immigration background of various company branches were conducted. The results show that employees with an immigration background have more contact and feel comfortable with persons from different cultures than employees without an immigration background. The qualitative analysis indicates that there is a high need of competence development, especially intercultural and social competences in organisations. The results of the study reveal that personality traits and characteristics of employees play a role to what extent they accept diversity and are willing to work with persons from another culture. Age is not important regarding intercultural competence development.

Keywords: diversity attitudes, multicultural teamwork, migration
JEL classification: O15

Published: December 28, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Genkova, P. (2018). Differences of Diversity Attitudes between Employees with and without an Immigration Background: The Case of Germany. European Journal of Business Science and Technology4(2), 174-186. doi: 10.11118/ejobsat.v4i2.115
Download citation

References

  1. Adenauer, S. 2015. Leistungsfähigkeit im Betrieb. Berry, J. B., Poortinga, Y. H., Breugelmans, S. M., In Adenauer, S. (ed.). Kompendium für den Betriebspraktiker zur Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels. Wiesbaden: Springer, pp. 9-25.
  2. Armstrong, C., Flood, P. C., Guthrie, J. P., Liu, W., MacCurtain, S. and Mkamwa, T. 2010. The Impact of Diversity and Equality Management on Firm Performance: Beyond High Performance Work Systems. Human Resource Management, 49 (6), 977-998. Go to original source...
  3. Asbrock, F., Christ, O., Duckitt, J. and Sibley, C. G. 2012. Differential Effects of Intergroup Contact for Authoritarians and Social Dominators: A Dual Process Model Perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38 (4), 477-490. Go to original source...
  4. Baixauli-Soler, J. S., Belda-Ruiz, M. and SanchezMarin, G. 2015. Executive Stock Options, Gender Diversity in the Top Management Team, and Firm Risk Taking. Journal of Business Research, 68 (2), 451-463. Go to original source...
  5. Becker, M. 2006. Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen des Diversity Management. In Becker, M. and Seidel, A. Diversity Management - Unternehmens- und Personalpolitik der Vielfalt. Stuttgart: Poeschel, pp. 3-48. Chasiotis, A. and Sam, D. L. 2011. Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  6. Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M. H. and Dasen, P. R. 2012. Cross-Cultural Psychology. Research and Applications. 3rd Edition. Cambridge: University Press.
  7. Blascovich, J., Spencer, S. J., Quinn, D. and Steele, C. 2001. African Americans and High Blood Pressure: The Role of Stereotype Threat. Psychological Science, 12 (3), 225-229. Go to original source...
  8. Chrobot-Mason, D. and Aramovich, N. P. 2013. The Psychological Benefits of Creating an Affirming Climate for Workplace Diversity. Group and Organization Management, 38 (6), 659-689. Go to original source...
  9. Evans, C. 2014. Diversity Management and Organizational Change. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33 (6), 482-493. Go to original source...
  10. Franken, S. 2015. Personal: Diversity Management. 6th ed. Wiesbaden: Gabler. Go to original source...
  11. Genkova, P. 2012. Lehrbuch Kulturvergleichende Psychologie: Ein Forschungsleitfaden. Wiesbaden: Springer. Go to original source...
  12. German Federal Statistical Office. 2016. Ältere Menschen in Deutschland und der EU [online]. Available at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/BroschuereAeltereMenschen0010020169004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. [Accessed 2018, February 6].
  13. Groeneveld, S. and Verbeek, S. 2012. Diversity Policies in Public and Private Sector Organizations. An Empirical Comparison of Incidence and Effectiveness. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32, 353-381. Go to original source...
  14. Hewstone, M. 1988. Attributional Basis of Intergroup Conflict. In Stroebe, W., Kruglanski, A. W., Bar-Tal, D. and Hewstone, M. (eds.). The Social Psychology of Intergroup Conflict. Berlin: Springer, pp. 47-71. Go to original source...
  15. Homan, A. C., van Knippenberg, D., Van Kleef, G. A. and De Dreu, C. K. W. 2007. Bridging Faultlines by Valuing Diversity: Diversity Beliefs, Information Elaboration, and Performance in Diverse Work Groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (5), 1189-1199. Go to original source...
  16. Jetten, J. and Branscombe, N. R. 2009. MinorityGroup Identification: Reponses to Discrimination when Group Membership is Controllable. In Butera, F. and Levine, J. L. (eds.). Coping with Minority Status. Cambridge University Press, pp. 155-176. Go to original source...
  17. Koch, S., Müller, S. and Sieverding, M. 2008. Women and Computers: Effects of Stereotype Threat on Attribution of Failure. Computers and Education, 51 (4), 1795-1803. Go to original source...
  18. Krell, G. 2003. Personelle Vielfalt in Organisationen als Herausforderung für die Praxis. In Wächter, H., Vedder, G. and Führing, M. (eds.). Personelle Vielfalt in Organisationen. München: Hampp, pp. 219-232.
  19. Kunze, F. and Goecke, T. 2016. Altersdiversität als Organisationskompetenz: Chancen und Herausforderungen. In Genkova, P. and Ringeisen, T. (eds.). Handbuch Diversity Kompetenz. Band 2: Gegenstandsbereiche. Wiesbaden: Springer, pp. 183-196. Go to original source...
  20. Lanfranchi, A. 2013. Interkulturelle Kompetenz als Element pädagogischer ProfessionalitätSchlussfolgerungen für die Lehrerausbildung. In Auernheimer, G. (ed.). Interkulturelle Kompetenz und pädagogische Professionalität. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 231-260. Go to original source...
  21. Magoshi, E. and Chang, E. 2009. Diversity Management and the Effects on Employees' Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44 (1), 31-40. Go to original source...
  22. Martiny, S. E., Götz, T. and Keller, M. 2013. Emotionsregulation im Kontext von Stereotypen Threat: Die Reduzierung der Effekte negativer Stereotype bei ethnischen Minderheiten. In Genkova, P. and Ringeisen, T. (eds.). Handbuch Stress und Kultur: Interkulturelle und kulturvergleichende Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: Springer, pp. 397-416. Go to original source...
  23. Mayring, P. 2015. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken. 12th ed. Weinheim: Beltz.
  24. Meyer, I. H. 2003. Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Conceptual Issues and Research Evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129 (5), 674-697. Go to original source...
  25. Miliken, F. J. and Martin, L. L. 1996. Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups. Academy of Management, 21 (2), 402-433. Go to original source...
  26. Nielsen, B. B. and Nielsen, S. 2013. Top Management Team Nationality Diversity and Firm Performance: A Multilevel Study. Strategic Management Journal, 34 (3), 373-382. Go to original source...
  27. Nishii, L. H., Lepak, D. P. and Schneider, B. 2008. Employee Attributions of the "Why" of HR Practices: Their Effects on Employee Attitudes and Behaviors, and Customer Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 61, 503-545. Go to original source...
  28. Page, S. E. 2007. The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Go to original source...
  29. Pitts, D. 2009. Diversity Management, Job Satisfaction, and Performance: Evidence from US Federal Agencies. Public Administration Review, 69 (2), 328-338. Go to original source...
  30. Roland Berger. 2012. Diversity and Inclusion: Eine betriebswirtschaftliche Investition [online]. Available at: http://www.cssa-wiesbaden.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Demografischer_Wandel/Dokumente/Diversity/Diversity_and_Inclusion_Roland_Berger_D_20120716.pdf. [Accessed 2017, November 20].
  31. Segall, M. H., Dasen, P. R., Berry, J. W. and Poortinga, Y. H. 1999. Human Behavior in Global Perspective: An Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  32. Sidanius, J. and Pratto, F. 2001. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  33. Steele, C. and Aronson, J. 1995. Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69 (5), 797-811. Go to original source...
  34. Stegmann, S. 2011. Engaging with Diversity of Social Units - A Social Identity Perspective on Diversity in Organizations [online]. Doctoral Dissertation. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main. Available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-111582. [Accessed 2018, February 6].
  35. Tadmor, C. T., Tetlock, P. E. and Peng, K. 2009. Acculturation Strategies and Integrative Complexity: The Cognitive Implications of Biculturalism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40 (1), 105-139. Go to original source...
  36. Talke, K., Salomo, S. and Rost, K. 2010. How Top Management Team Diversity Affects Innovativeness and Performance via the Strategic Choice to Focus on Innovation Fields. Research Policy, 39 (7), 907-918. Go to original source...
  37. Thomas, A. 2006. An Action- and LearningTheoretical Concept of Intercultural Competence. In Helfrich, H., Zillekens, M. and Hölter, E. (eds.). Culture and Development in Japan and Germany. Münster: Daedalus Verlag, pp. 191-216.
  38. van Dick, R., van Knippenberg, D., Hägele, S., Guillaume, Y. R. F. and Brodbeck, F. C. 2008. Group Diversity and Group Identification: The Moderating Role of Diversity Beliefs. Human Relations, 61 (10), 1463-1492. Go to original source...
  39. van Knippenberg, D., van Ginkel, W. P. and Homan, A. C. 2013. Diversity Mindsets and the Perfomance of Diverse Teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121 (2), 183-193. Go to original source...
  40. van Osch, Y. M. J. and Breugelmans, S. M. 2012. Perceived Intergroup Difference as an Organizing Principle of Intercultural Attitudes and Acculturation Attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43 (5), 801-821. Go to original source...
  41. von Hippel, W., von Hippel, C., Conway, L., Preacher, K. J., Schooler, J. W. and Radvansky, G. A. 2005. Coping with Stereotype Threat: Denial as an Impression Management Strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89 (1), 22-35. Go to original source...
  42. Ward, C. 1996. Acculturation. In Landis, D. and Bhagat, R. S. (eds.). Handbook of Intercultural Training. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 124-147.
  43. Wolf, C. and van Dick, R. 2008. Wenn anders nicht schlechter bedeutet - Wertschätzung von Vielfalt fördert Gleichwertigkeit der Gruppen. In Heitmeyer, W. (ed.). Deutsche Zustände. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, pp. 137-153.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.