Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Surface composition and morphology of a carbon matrix/Mo2C composite material

  • Published:
Inorganic Materials Aims and scope

Abstract

The surface composition and morphology of a carbon matrix/Mo2C composite have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the carbon matrix has the form of entangled filaments of carbon nanotubes. The surface layer of the composite contains 57 carbon atoms per molybdenum atom. Molybdenum is present here in the form of the Mo2C carbide (39 at %) and the Mo2O5 (50 at %) and MoO2 (11 at %) oxides, with E b(Mo 3d 5/2) = 228.2, 229.6, and 231.9 eV, respectively. The presence of the Mo4+ and Mo5+ oxides in the surface layer is due to active reaction of the Mo2C in the composite with atmospheric oxygen and moisture during the sample preparation process and can be accounted for by the small particle size of the material. Based on analysis of the structure of the C 2s and C 2p valence electron spectra, we assume that the carbon nanotubes of the composite are graphitelike carbon structures. The composite studied here does not become charged when exposed to an X-ray beam, which suggests that it is a weak dielectric.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bouchy, C., Huu, C.P., and Heinrich, B., Microstructure and characterization of a highly selective catalyst for the isomerization of alkanes: a molybdenum oxycarbide, J. Catal., 2000, vol. 190, pp. 92–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jae S. Lee, Mi H. Yeom, Ki Y. Park, In-Sik Nam, Jong S. Chung, Young G. Kim., and Sang H. Moon, Preparation and benzene hydrogenation activity of supported molybdenum carbide catalysts, J. Catal., 1991, vol. 128, pp. 126–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Neylon, M.K., Choi, S., Kwon, H., Cuny, K.E., and Thompson, L.T., Catalytic properties of early transition metal nitrides and carbides: n-butane hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation and isomerization, Appl. Catal., A, 1999, vol. 183, pp. 253–263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Han Junxing, Duan Jinzhao, Chen Ping, Lou Hui, Xiaoming Zheng, and Haiping Hong, Nanostructured molybdenum carbides supported on carbon nanotubes as efficient catalysts for one-step hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of vegetable oils, Green Chem., 2011, vol. 13, pp. 2561–2568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Il’in, E.G., Parshakov, A.S., Iskhakova, L.D., Buryak, A.K., and Dzhavad Ogly, A.A., Thermal stability and decomposition products of a MoCl1.9 ± 0.1C30 ± 1H30 ± 1 composite, Inorg. Mater., 2014, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 631–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Il’in, E.G., Parshakov, A.S., Buryak, A.K., Kochubei, D.I., Drobot, D.V., and Nefedov, V.I., Nanosized clusters of molybdenum chlorides—active sites in catalytic acetylene oligomerization, Dokl. Phys. Chem., 2009, vol. 427, no. 2, pp. 150–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Il’in, E.G., Parshakov, A.S., Teterin, A.Yu., Maslakov, K.I., and Teterin, Yu.A., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of the acetylene cyclotrimerization catalyst NbCl2(CnHn) (n = 10–12), Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 2011, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1788–1793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Il’in, E.G., Parshakov, A.S., Teterin, A.Yu., Maslakov, K.I., and Teterin, Yu.A., X-ray photoelectron study of the MoCl2C30H30 composite, Inorg. Mater., 2011, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 442–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nefedov, V.I., Rentgenoelektronnaya spektroskopiya khimicheskikh soedinenii (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Chemical Compounds), Moscow: Khimiya, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Teterin, Yu.A. and Gagarin, S.G., Inner valence molecular orbitals of compounds and the structure of X-ray photoelectron spectra, Usp. Khim., 1996, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 895–912.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Teterin, Yu.A. and Baev, A.S., Rentgenovskaya fotoelektronnaya spektroskopiya soedinenii lantanoidov (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Compounds), Moscow: TsNIIAtominform, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shirley, D.A., High-resolution X-ray photoemission spectrum of the valence bands of gold, Phys. Rev. B: Solid State, 1972, no. 5, pp. 4709–4714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nemoshkalenko, V.V. and Aleshin, A.G., Elektronnaya spektroskopiya kristallov (Electron Spectroscopy of Crystals), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zhizhin, E.V., Pudikov, D.A., Rybkin, A.G., Ul’yanov, P.G., and Shikin, A.M., Synthesis and electronic structure of graphene on a nickel film adsorbed on graphite, Phys. Solid State, 2015, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 1888–1895.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Oshikawa, K., Nagai, M., and Omi, S., Characterization of molybdenum carbides for methane reforming by TPR, XRD and XPS, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, vol. 105, no. 38, pp. 9124–9131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sosul’nikov, M.I. and Teterin, Yu.A., X-ray photoelectron study of calcium, strontium, barium, and their oxides, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991, vol. 317, no. 2, pp. 418–421.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Baev, A.S., Zelenkov, A.G., Kuakov, V.M., Odinov, B.V., Smilga, V.P., Teterin, Yu.A., Tumanov, Yu.P., and Chugunov, O.K., Radiation damage in pyrolytic graphite studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Strukt. Khim., 1980, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 29–33

  18. Scofield, J.H., Hartree–Slater subshell photoionization cross-sections at 1254 and 1487 eV, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, no. 8, pp. 129–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Johansson, L.I., Hagstrom, A.L., Jacobson, B.E., and Hagstrom, S.B.M., ESCA studies of core level shifts and valence band structure in nonstoichiometric single crystal of titanium carbide, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, no. 10, pp. 259–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gubanov, V.A. and Connolly, J.V.D., MS Xa calculations of the cluster in titanium carbide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 139–144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Politi, J.R.S., Vines, F., Rodriguez, J.A., and Illas, F., Atomic and electronic structure of molybdenum carbide phases: bulk and low Miller-index surfaces, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, no. 15, pp. 12617–12625.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang, X.R., Yany, M.F., and Chen, H.T.J., First-principle calculations of hardness and melting point of Mo2C, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2009, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 419–422.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ostling, D., Tomanek, D., and Rosen, A., Electronic structure of single-wall, multiwall, and filled carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 1997, vol. 55, no. 20, pp. 13980–13989.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fedorov, A.S. and Sorokin, P.B., Optimization of the calculations of the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes, Phys. Solid State, 2005, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2196–2203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ihara, H. and Watanabe, K., Electronic bond structures of the NbC–NbN alloy system from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurement, Solid State Commun., 1981, vol. 38, pp. 1211–1213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Aleshin, V.G., Kharlamov, A.I., and Prokopenko, V.M., X-ray photoelectron spectra of metal-like carbides, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 1981, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 550–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    E. G. Il’in & A. S. Parshakov

  2. Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Yu. A. Teterin & A. Yu. Teterin

  3. Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Yu. A. Teterin & K. I. Maslakov

Authors
  1. E. G. Il’in
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. S. Parshakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yu. A. Teterin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. I. Maslakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Yu. Teterin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. G. Il’in.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © E.G. Il’in, A.S. Parshakov, Yu.A. Teterin, K.I. Maslakov, A.Yu. Teterin, 2017, published in Neorganicheskie Materialy, 2017, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 471–478.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Il’in, E.G., Parshakov, A.S., Teterin, Y.A. et al. Surface composition and morphology of a carbon matrix/Mo2C composite material. Inorg Mater 53, 469–476 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168517050107

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168517050107

Keywords

Search

Navigation