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Structural, physiological, and biochemical aspects of salinity tolerance of halophytes

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Abstract

Modern concepts on structural, physiological, and biochemical aspects of salt tolerance of higher plants were considered. Integral physiological processes, such as growth and photosynthesis of glycophytes and halophytes in the context of their ecological plasticity, variety of their adaptive strategies developed in the course of their evolution, and natural selection, were discussed. Analysis of the known anatomical and morphological adaptations of halophytes (succulence, special salt-excreting structures, features associated with special tissues growth, leaf kranz-anatomy and mesostructure) providing their salt tolerance was conducted. The most important physiological and biochemical adaptations of such plants to salinity related to uptake, accumulation and excretion of Na+ and Cl–, peculiarities of membrane composition and the pigment system, and protection against osmotic and oxidative stresses were described. The association of physiological and biochemical peculiarities of halophytes with ecological salt tolerance strategy was discussed.

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Abbreviations

DGDG:

digalactosyldiacyl glycerol

FA:

fatty acid

LHC:

light-harvesting complex

MGDG:

monogalactosyldiacyl glycerol

PC:

phosphatidyl choline

PE:

phosphatidyl ethanolamine

PEP:

phosphoenol piruvate kinase

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

PS:

photosystem

RBPC/O:

ribuloso bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SHDG:

sulfohinovosyldiacyl glycerol

SOD:

superoxide dismutase.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Volga Basin Ecology Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia

    O. A. Rozentsvet, V. N. Nesterov & E. S. Bogdanova

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  1. O. A. Rozentsvet
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  2. V. N. Nesterov
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  3. E. S. Bogdanova
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Correspondence to O. A. Rozentsvet.

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Original Russian Text © O.A. Rozentsvet, V.N. Nesterov, E.S. Bogdanova, 2017, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2017, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 251–265.

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Rozentsvet, O.A., Nesterov, V.N. & Bogdanova, E.S. Structural, physiological, and biochemical aspects of salinity tolerance of halophytes. Russ J Plant Physiol 64, 464–477 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443717040112

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