Abstract
Results of statistical analysis of the properties of variability of F2-layer maximum parameters (critical frequency foF2 and the height hmF2) in quiet midlatitude ionosphere under low solar activity in the daytime (1000–1500 LT) and nighttime (2200–0300 LT) hours are presented on the basis of Irkutsk station data for 2007–2008. It is found that the distribution density of δfoF2 could be presented as consisting of two distinctly different normal laws of this distribution, one of which corresponds to weak (|δfoF2| < 10%) fluctuations in foF2 and the other corresponds to strong (30% > |δfoF2| > 10%) fluctuations. Weak fluctuations in foF2 to a substantial degree are related to ionospheric variability at times less of than 1–3 h and determine the δfoF2 variability in the daytime hours. Strong fluctuations in foF2 are mainly related to day-to-day variability of the ionosphere at a fixed local time, the variability increasing by approximately a factor of 3 during the transition from day to night and determining the δfoF2 variability in the nighttime hours. The distribution density of ΔhmF2 is close to the normal distribution law. An interpretation of the different character of the distribution densities of δfoF2 and ΔhmF2 is given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araujo-Pradere, E.A., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., and Bilitza, D., Characteristics of the Ionospheric Variability as a Function of Season, Latitude, Local Time, and Geomagnetic Activity, Radio Sci., 2005, vol. 40, p. RS5009; doi: 10.1029/2004RS003179.
Araujo-Pradere, E.A., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., and Codrescu, M.V., STORM: An Empirical Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model. 1. Model Description, Radio Sci., 2002, vol. 37, no. 5, p. 1070; doi: 10.1029/2001RS002467.
Bryunelli, B.E. and Namgaladze, A.A., Fizika ionosfery (Physics of the Ionosphere), Moscow: Nauka, 1988.
Deminov, M.G., Zherebtsov, G.A., Pirog, O.M., and Shubin, V.N., Regular Changes in the Critical Frequency of the F2 Layer of the Quiet Midlatitude Ionosphere, Geomagn. Aeron., 2009, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 393–399 [Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2009, vol. 49, pp. 374–380].
Deminova, G.F., Shashunkina, V.M., and Goncharova, E.E., AGlobal Empirical Model of Effects of Large-Scale Internal Gravity Waves in the Night-Time Ionosphere, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 1998, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 227–245.
Forbes, J.M., Palo, S.E., and Zhang, X., Variability of the Ionosphere, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2000, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 685–693.
Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Araujo-Pradere, E.A., and Codrescu, M.V., An Empirical Ionospheric Storm-Time Correction Model, Adv. Space Res., 2000, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 139–146.
Gershman, B.N., Kazimirovski, E.S., Kokurov, V.D., and Chernobrovkina, N.A., Yavlenie F-rasseyniya v ionosfere (Spread-F Phenomenon in the Ionosphere), Moscow: Nauka, 1984.
Hocke, K. and Schlegel, K., A Review of Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Travelling Ionospheric Distur-bances: 1982–1995, Ann. Geophys., 1996, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 917–940.
Kouris, S.S., Zolesi, B., Fotiadis, D.N., and Bianchi, C., On the Variability Within-The-Hour and from Hour-to-Hour of the F-Region Characteristics above Rome, Phys. Chem. Earth (part C), 2000, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 347–351.
Kramer, G., Matematicheskie metody statistiki (Mathematical Methods of Statistics), Moscow: Mir, 1975.
Mendillo, M., Rishbeth, H., Roble, R.G., and Wroten, J., Modelling F2-Layer Seasonal Trends and Day-to-Day Variability Driven by Coupling with the Lower Atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2002, vol. 64, no. 18, pp. 1911–1931.
Mikhailov, A.V. and Schlegel, K., Equinoctial Transitions in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere, Ann. Geophys., 2001, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 783–796.
Mikhailov, A.V., Depueva, A.Kh., and Leschinskaya, T.Yu., Morphology of Quiet Time F2-Layer Disturbances: High to Lower Latitudes, Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron., 2004, vol. 5, p. GI1006; doi:10.1029/2003GI000058.
Mikhailov, A.V., Depuev, V.H., and Depueva, A.H., Synchronous NmF2 and NmE Daytime Variations as a Key to the Mechanism of Quiet-Time F2-Layer Disturbances, Ann. Geophys., 2007a, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 483–493.
Mikhailov, A.V., Depuev, V.H., and Depueva, A.H., Daytime F2-Layer Negative Storm Effect: What Is the Difference between Storm-Induced and Q-Disturbance Events., Ann. Geophys., 2007b, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1531–1541.
Mikhailov, A.V., Depueva, A.H., and Depuev, V.H., Quiet Time F2-Layer Disturbances: Seasonal Variations of the Occurrence in the Daytime Sector, Ann. Geophys., 2009, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 329–337.
Pancheva, D., Mitchell, N., Clark, R.R., Drobjeva, J., and Laštovižka, J., Variability in the Maximum Height of the Ionospheric F2-Layer over Millstone Hill (September 1998-March 2000): Influence from below and above, Ann. Geophys., 2002, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1807–1819.
Rishbeth, H. and Mendillo, M., Patterns of F2-Layer Variability, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2001, vol. 63, no. 15, pp. 1661–1680.
Rishbeth, H., Mendillo, M., Wroten, J., and Roble, R.G., Day-by-Day Modelling of the Ionospheric F2-Layer for Year 2002, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2009, vol. 71, no. 8–9, pp. 848–856.
Wrenn, G.L., Time-Weighted Accumulations ap(τ) and Kp(τ), J. Geophys. Res., 1987, vol. 92A, pp. 10125–10129.
Wrenn, G.L. and Rodger, A.S., Geomagnetic Modification of the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere — toward a Strategy for the Improved Forecasting of FoF2, Radio Sci., 1989, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 99–111.
Zevakina, R.A., Zhulina, E.M., Nosova, G.N., and Sergeenko, N.P., Rukovodstvo po kratkosrochnomu prognozirovaniyu (Handbook of Short-Term Prediction), Moscow: MGK Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1990.
Zhang, S.-R. and Holt, J.M., Ionospheric Climatology and Variability from Long-Term and Multiple Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations: Variability, Ann. Geophys., 2008, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1525–1537.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.G. Deminov, G.F. Deminova, G.A. Zherebtsov, O.M. Pirog, N.M. Polekh, 2011, published in Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, 2011, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 352–359.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deminov, M.G., Deminova, G.F., Zherebtsov, G.A. et al. Variability of parameters of the F2-layer maximum in the quiet midlatitude ionosphere under low solar activity: 1. Statistical properties. Geomagn. Aeron. 51, 348–355 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793211020058
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793211020058