Abstract
Maps of a series of characteristics were calculated and constructed for RF territory, including mean values of changes in runoff depths (evaluated by the main climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) due to greenhouse effect estimated for 2040–2070; root-mean-square deviations from these values; relative errors of the estimates; mean values of changes in the runoff depth for different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions; absolute and relative deviations of these values from their means for scenarios and integration of models. Chronological forecasts of possible changes in the mean runoff values for the rivers of Volga, Northern Dvina, Pechora, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma, and Amur up to 2100 are calculated, and the root-mean-square errors of these characteristics are evaluated for the maximum number of uncertainties in the forecast. The greenhouse effect is shown to be less significant, other factors being the same, for rivers with small drainage basins and rivers with small modulus of flow.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atlas mirovogo vodnogo balansa (Atlas of World Water Balance), Moscow-Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1974.
Vliyanie uvelicheniya kolichestva uglekislogo gaza v atmosfere na klimat (Effect of the Increasing Amount of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere on Climate), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1982.
Dobrovol’skii, S.G., Changes in Moistening of Large Regions Due to Climate Changes, in Osobennosti i zakonomernosti formirovaniya vod sushi. Protsessy vodoobmena (Specific Features and Regularities in Continental Water Formation: Water Exchange Processes), Moscow: IVP SSSR, 1986, pp. 103–123.
Dobrovol’skii, S.G., Klimaticheskie izmeneniya v sisteme “gidrosfera-atmosfera” (Climatic Changes in the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere System), Moscow: Geos, 2002.
Dobrovol’skii, S.G., Izmeneniya klimata i sostavlyayushchikh vodnogo balansa, in Ratkovich, D.Ya. Aktual’nye problemy vodoobespecheniya (Urgent Problems of Water Supply), Moscow: Nauka, 2003, pp. 119–130.
Dobrovol’skii, S.G., Changes in Oceanic Parameters and Their Prediction, in Sovremennye global’nye izmeneniya prirodnoi sredy (Present-Day Global Environmental Changes), Moscow: Nauch. mir, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 297–345.
Evstigneev, V.M. and Akimenko, T.A., Possible Changes in River Runoff on the Northern Slope of East European Plain by the Mid-XXI Century, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5, Geografiya, 2005, no. 5, pp. 34–39.
Manabe, S. and Wetherold, R., Changes in Water Reserves at a Scale of a Century because of Global Warming, Abstracts of Papers, Vsemir. konf. po izmeneniyu klimata (World Conf. on Climatic Changes), Moscow: Inst. Glob. Klim. i Ekol. Rosgidrometa i RAN, 2003, pp. 14–15.
Mokhov, I.I., Semenov, V.A., and Khon, V.Ch., Estimates of Possible Regional Changes in the Hydrological Regime in the XXI Century Based on Global Climatic Models, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana, 2003, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 150–165.
Prostranstvenno-vremennye kolebaniya stoka rek SSSR (Space and Time Variations in River Runoff in the USSR), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1988.
Ratkovich, D.Ya., Aktual’nye problemy vodoobespecheniya (Urgent Problems of Water Supply), Moscow: Nauka, 2003.
Khromov, S.P. and Petrosyants, M.A., Meteorologiya i klimatologiya (Meteorology and Climatology), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2001.
Khublaryan, M.G., Dobrovol’skii, S.G., and Naidenov, V.I., Assessment of Possible Changes in River Runoff Due to Global Climate Changes, Abstracts of Papers, Vsemir. konf. po izmeneniyu klimata (World Conf. on Climatic Changes), Moscow: Inst. Glob. Klim. i Ekol. Rosgidrometa i RAN, 2003, p. 254.
Arnell, N.W., Effects of IPCC SRES Emissions on River Runoff: a Global Perspective, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2003, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 619–641.
Arnell, N.W., Climate Change and Global Water Resources: SRES Emissions and Socio-Economic Scenarios, Global Environ. Change, 2004, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 31–52.
Arnell, N.W, Climate Change and Water Resources: A Global Perspective, in Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, Schellnhuber, H.J., Cramer, W., Nakicenovic, N., et al., Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006, pp. 167–175.
Arora, V.K. and Boer, G.J., Effects of Simulated Climate Change on the Hydrology of Major River Basins, J. Jeophys. Res., 2001, vol. 106, pp. 3335–3348.
Climate Change 2001. Contribution of WGI to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. V. 1. The Scientific Basis. IPCC, 2001. http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/un/ipccwg1r.pdf
Climate Change 2007. The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Genewa: WMO, UNEP, 2007.
DDC-CRU, 2007. http://www.ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk
Dobrovolski, S.G., Global Climatic Changes in Water and Heat Transfer-Accumulation Processes, Amsterdam; London; N. Y:; Tokyo: Elsevier, 1992.
Dobrovolski, S.G., Stochastic Climate Theory, Heidelberg et al.: Springer, 2000.
Global runoff data center, 2007. www.http://grd.com
Gordon, A.H., Global Change as a Random Walk, J. of Climate, 1991, vol. 4, pp. 589–597.
Hunt, B.G., The Stationarity of Global Mean Climate, Int. J. of Climatology, 2004, vol. 24, pp. 795–806.
Meteonorm 5.1. CD-ROM. Prism Digital Company, 2006.
Nijssen, B., O’Donnell, G.M., Hamlet, A.F., and Lettenmaier, D.P., Hydrologic Sensitivity of Global Rivers to Climatic Change, Climatic change, 2001, vol. 50, pp. 143–175.
Vorosmarty, C.J., Green, P., Salisbury, J., and Lammers, R.B., Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climatic Change and Population Growth, Science, 2000, vol. 289, pp. 284–288.
Yaglom, A.M., Correlation Theory of Stationary and Related Random Functions. Basic Results, Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer, 1987, vol. 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.G. Dobrovolski, 2007, published in Vodnye Resursy, 2007, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 643–654.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dobrovolski, S.G. The issue of global warming and changes in the runoff of Russian rivers. Water Resour 34, 607–618 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807807060012
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807807060012