Abstract
This paper presents a review devoted to the specific mechanical behavior of thin near-surface layers of various solids, materials, films, and multilayer coatings under local loading. Analysis is made of the principles, techniques, and instruments used for testing and determining mechanical properties of materials on a nanoscale, which, in recent years, have found a wide application under the general name “nanoindentation.” Information capabilities of this large and multifunctional family of methods employed for mechanical tests are discussed. Different aspects and specific features of the behavior of solids under severely constrained deformation caused by the local application of a microload to the surface of the test object are considered. Special attention is focused on the physical mechanisms of deformation and fracture under these conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, Ed. B. Bhushan (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
A. D. Romig, Jr., M. T. Dugger, and P. J. McWhorter, Acta Mater. 51, 5837 (2003).
Yu. I. Golovin, Introduction to Nanotechnology (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 2007) [in Russian].
P. Grodzinski, Plastics (London) 18, 312 (1953).
A. P. Ternovskiĭ, V. P. Alekhin, M. Kh. Shorshorov, M. M. Khrushchev, and V. N. Skvortsov, Zavod. Lab. 39, 1242 (1973).
S. I. Bulychev, V. P. Alekhin, M. Kh. Shorshorov, A. P. Ternovskiĭ, and G. D. Shnyrev, Zavod. Lab. 41, 1137 (1975).
J. B. Pethica, R. Hutchings, and W. C. Oliver, Philos. Mag. 48, 593 (1983).
W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).
J. S. Field and M. V. Swain, J. Mater. Res. 8, 297 (1993).
W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2004).
A. C. Fischer-Cripps, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 4153 (2006).
A. C. Fischer-Cripps, Nanoindentation (Springer, New York, 2002).
M. R. VanLandingham, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 108, 249 (2003).
B. Wolf and A. Richter, New. J. Phys. 5, 15 (2003).
Y.-T. Chen and C.-M. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng., R 44, 91 (2004).
C. A. Schuh, Mater. Today 9, 32 (2006).
A. Gouldstone, N. Chollacoop, M. Dao, J. Li, A. M. Miron, and Y.-L. Shen, Acta Mater. 55, 4015 (2007).
S. A. Fedosov and L. Peshek, Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Materials by Microindentation: Modern Foreign Techniques (Moscow State University, Moscow, 2004) [in Russian].
S. I. Bulychev and V. P. Alekhin, Testing of Materials under Continuous Indentation (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].
S. N. Dub and N. V. Novikov, Sverkhtverd. Mater., No. 6, 16 (2004).
Yu. I. Golovin, S. N. Dub, V. I. Ivolgin, V. V. Korenkov, and A. I. Tyurin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 47(6), 961 (2005) [Phys. Solid State 47 (6), 995 (2005)].
S. I. Bulychev and V. P. Alekhin, Zavod. Lab. 53, 76 (1987).
Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Ed. by H. S. Nalwa (Academic, San Diego, CA, United States, 1999), Vols. 1–5.
H. Gleiter, Acta Mater. 48, 1 (2000).
R. A. Andrievskiĭ and A. V. Ragulya, Nanostructured Materials (Akademiya, Moscow, 2005) [in Russian].
Nanostructured Materials: Processing, Properties, and Applications, Ed. by C. C. Koch (William Andrews, New York, 2002).
M. Yu. Gutkin and I. A. Ovid’ko, in Physical Mechanics of Deformed Nanostructures (Yanus, St. Petersburg, 2003), Vol. 1 [in Russian]; Physical Mechanics of Deformed Nanostructures (Yanus, St. Petersburg, 2005), Vol. 2 [in Russian].
A. M. Glezer, I. E. Permyakova, V. E. Gromov, and V. V. Kovalenko, Mechanical Behavior of Amorphous Alloys (Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, 2006) [in Russian].
M. A. Meyers, A. Mishra, and D. J. Benson, Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 427 (2006).
H. van Swygenhoven and J. R. Weertman, Mater. Today 9, 24 (2006).
R. Z. Valiev and I. V. Aleksandrov, Bulk Nanostructured Metallic Materials (Akademkniga, Moscow, 2007) [in Russian].
C. A. Shuh, T. C. Hufnagel, and U. Ramamurty, Acta Mater. 55, 4067 (2007).
G. A. Malygin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 49(6), 961 (2007) [Phys. Solid State 49 (6), 1013 (2007)].
S. N. Dub, N. V. Novikov, and Yu. V. Mil’man, Sverkhtverd. Mater., No. 3, 31 (2005).
W. Wang and K. Lu, Philos. Mag. 86, 5309 (2006).
V. I. Kushch, S. N. Dub, and P. M. Litvin, Sverkhtverd. Mater., No. 4, 40 (2007).
Yu. I. Golovin and S. N. Dub, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 393(1–3), 180 (2003) [Dokl. Phys. 48 (11), 612 (2003)].
B. N. Lucas, W. C. Oliver, and J. E. Swindeman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 522, 3 (1998).
S. Basu, A. Moseson, and M. Barsoum, J. Mater. Res. 21, 2628 (2006).
S. A. S. Asif, K. J. Wahl, R. J. Colton, and O. L. Warren, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 1192 (2001).
N. Gane and F. P. Bowden, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 1432 (1968).
J. B. Pethica and D. Tabor, Surf. Sci. 89, 182 (1979).
M. D. Pashley and D. Tabor, Vacuum 31, 619 (1981).
D. E. Kramer, K. B. Yoder, and W. W. Gerberich, Philos. Mag. A 81, 2033 (2001).
J. Li, K. J. van Vliet, T. Thu, S. Yip, and S. Suresh, Nature (London) 418, 307 (2002).
K. J. van Vliet, J. Li, T. Thu, S. Yip, and S. Suresh, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 67, 104105 (2003).
C. A. Schuh and A. C. Lund, J. Mater. Res. 19, 2152 (2004).
A. M. Minor, E. T. Lilleoden, E. A. Stach, and J. W. Morris, Jr., J. Mater. Res. 19, 176 (2004).
C. A. Schuh, J. K. Masson, and A. C. Lund, Nature (London) Mater. 4, 617 (2005).
H. Li, A. H. W. Ngan, and M. G. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 20, 3072 (2005).
S. G. Corcoran, R. Y. Colton, E. T. Lilleoden, and W. W. Gerberich, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 55, R16057 (1997).
J. K. Masson, A. C. Lund, and C. A. Schuh, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 73, 054102 (2006).
A. Barnoush and H. Vehoff, Scr. Mater. 55, 195 (2006).
C. E. Packard and C. A. Schuh, Acta Mater. 55, 5348 (2007).
Y. Estrin, H. S. Kim, and F. R. N. Nabarro, Acta Mater. 55, 6401 (2007).
E. M. Morozov and M. V. Zernin, Contact Problems in Fracture Mechanics (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1999) [in Russian].
N. Gane and J. M. Cox, Philos. Mag. 22, 881 (1970).
J. D. Kiely, R. Q Hwang, and J. E. Houston, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4424 (1998).
J. A. Zimmerman, C. L. Kelchner, P. A. Klein, J. C. Hamilton, and S. M. Foiles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 165507 (2001).
Y. Shibutani and A. Koyama, J. Mater. Res. 19, 183 (2004).
J.-Y. Kim, S.-K. Kang, J.-J. Lee, J. Jang, and Y.-H. Lee, Acta Mater. 55, 3555 (2007).
Y. Shibutani, T. Tsuru, and A. Koyama, Acta Mater. 55, 1813 (2007).
W. A. Soer, K. E. Aifantis, and J. Th. M. de Hosson, Acta Mater. 53, 4665 (2005).
R. Iglesias and E. P. M. Leiva, Acta Mater. 54, 2655 (2006).
W. D. Nix, J. R. Greer, G. Feng, and E. T. Lilleodden, Thin Solid Films 515, 3152 (2007).
A. B. Mann and J. B. Pethica, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 907 (1996).
B. S. Bokshteĭn, S. Z. Bokshteĭn, and A. A. Zhukhovitskiĭ, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Diffusion in Solids (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1974) [in Russian].
V. L. Indenbom, Pis’ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 12(11), 526 (1970) [JETP Lett. 12 (11), 369 (1970)].
V. N. Rozhznskii, M. P. Nazarova, I. Z. Svetlov, and L. K. Kalashnikova, Phys. Status Solidi 41, 579 (1970).
Yu. I. Golovin and A. I. Tyurin, Pis’ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 60(10), 722 (1994) [JETP Lett. 60 (10), 742 (1994)].
Yu. I. Golovin and A. I. Tyurin, Kristallografiya 40(5), 884 (1995) [Crystallogr. Rep. 40 (5), 818 (1995)].
Yu. I. Golovin and A. I. Tyurin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 38(6), 1812 (1996) [Phys. Solid State 38 (6), 1000 (1996)].
Yu. I. Golovin, A. I. Tyurin, and B. Ya. Farber, Philos. Mag. A 82, 1857 (2002).
Yu. I. Golovin, A. I. Tyurin, and B. Ya. Farber, J. Mater. Sci. 37, 895 (2002).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, V. V. Korenkov, and A. I. Tyurin, Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23(16), 15 (1997) [Tech. Phys. Lett. 23 (8), 621 (1997)].
Yu. I. Golovin, A. I. Tyurin, V. I. Ivolgin, and V. V. Korenkov, Tekh. Fiz. 70(5), 82 (2000) [Tech. Phys. 45 (5), 605 (2000)].
Z. K. Saralidze, M. V. Galustashvili, and D. G. Driaev, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 48(7), 1229 (2006) [Phys. Solid State 48 (7), 1298 (2006)].
V. N. Rozhanskiĭ, N. L. Sizova, and A. A. Urusovskaya, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 13(2), 411 (1971) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 13 (2), 335 (1971)].
O. R. Fuente, J. A. Zimmerman, M. A. Gonzalez, J. Figuera, J. C. Hamilton, W. W. Pai, and J. M. Rojo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 036101-1 (2002).
M. A. Velednitskaya, V. N. Rozhanskii, L. F. Comolova, G. V. Saparin, J. Schreiber, and O. Brumer, Phys. Status Solidi A 32, 123 (1975).
M. Sh. Akchurin, E. N. Vlasov, E. Yu. Mikhina, and V. R. Regel’, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 30(3), 760 (1988) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 30 (3), 435 (1988)].
M. Sh. Akchurin, V. G. Galstyan, and V. R. Regel’, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 55, 1556 (1991).
M. Sh. Akchurin and V. R. Regel, Chem. Rev. 23, 59 (1998).
B. Ya. Farber, V. I. Orlov, V. I. Nikitenko, and A. H. Heuer, Philos. Mag. A 78, 671 (1998).
B. Ya. Farber, V. I. Orlov, and A. H. Heuer, Phys. Status Solidi A 166, 115 (1998).
C. L. Kelchner, S. J. Plimpton, and J. C. Hamilton, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 58, 11085 (1998).
T. Zhu, J. Li, K. J. van Vliet, S. Ogata, S. Yip, and S. Suresh, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 691 (2004).
I. Szlufarska, Mater. Today 9, 42 (2006).
C. Tromas, J. C. Girard, V. Audurier, and J. Woirgard, J. Mater. Sci. 34, 5337 (1999).
C. Tromas, Y. Gaillard, and J. Woirgard, Philos. Mag. 86, 5595 (2006).
P. Zhao and Y. Shimomura, Comput. Mater. Sci. 14, 84 (1999).
M. Koyangi, Comput. Mater. Sci. 14, 103 (1999).
J. R. Greer and W. D. Nix, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 73, 245410 (2006).
W. D. Nix, J. R. Greer, G. Feug, and E. T. Lilleoden, Thin Solid Films 515, 3152 (2007).
B. A. Galanov, O. N. Grigor’ev, Yu. V. Mil’man, and I. P. Ragozin, Probl. Prochn., No. 11, 93 (1983).
M. F. Doerner and W. D. Nix, J. Mater. Res. 1, 601 (1986).
ISO Group TC 164/SC 3/WG1 and ASTM E28.06.11. ISO/DIS 14577-1, 2, and 3.
J. Thurn and R. Cook, J. Mater. Res. 17, 1143 (2002).
N. V. Novikov, S. N. Dub, Yu. V. Mil’man, I. V. Gridneva, and S. I. Chugunova, Sverkhtverd. Mater., No. 3, 36 (1996).
S. Dub, N. Novikov, and Y. Milman, Philos. Mag. 82, 2116 (2002).
J. M. Antunes, J. V. Fernandes, and L. F. Menezes, Acta Mater. 55, 69 (2007).
D. Ma, C. W. Ong, S. F. Wong, and J. He, J. Mater. Res. 20, 1498 (2005).
Y. P. Gao, M. Dao, and J. Li, J. Mater. Res. 22, 1255 (2007).
M. Sakai, Acta Mater. 41, 1751 (1993).
M. Sakai, J. Mater. Res. 18, 1631 (2003).
M. Sakai, Scr. Mater. 51, 391 (2004).
Yu. V. Milman, B. A. Galanov, and S. I. Chugunova, Acta Metall. Mater. 41, 2523 (1993).
Yu. V. Milman and S. I. Chugunova, Int. J. Impact Eng. 23, 629 (1999).
N. Chollacoop, M. Dao, and S. Suresh, Acta Mater. 51, 3713 (2003).
L. Min, C. Wei-Min, L. Nai-Gang, and W. Ling-Dong, J. Mater. Res. 19, 73 (2004).
D. Ma, T. Zhang, and C. W. Ong, J. Mater. Res. 21, 225 (2006).
L. Wang and S. I. Roklin, J. Mater. Res. 21, 995 (2006).
S. Basu, M. W. Barsoum, A. Williams, and T. D. Moustakes, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083522 (2007).
A. Sreeranganathan, A. Gokhale, and S. Tamirisakandala, Scr. Mater. 58, 114 (2008).
B. A. Galanov, Yu. V. Mil’man, S. I. Chugunova, and I. V. Goncharova, Sverkhtverd. Mater., No. 3, 25 (1999).
Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, Ed. by P. J. Blau and B. R. Lawn (The American Society of Testing Materials, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 1985).
Handbook of Measurement of Residual Stress, Ed. by J. Lu and M. R. James (Fairmount Press, Liburn, GA, United States, 1996).
T. Y. Tsui, W. C. Oliver, and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 11, 752 (1996).
S. Suresh and A. E. Giannakopoulos, Acta Mater. 46, 5755 (1998).
J. G. Swadener, B. Taliat, and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 16, 2091 (2001).
Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties, Ed. by R. Vinci, O. Kraft, N. Moody, and E. Shaffer (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 594, 525 (2000)).
L. Shaw, H. Luo, J. Villegas, and D. Miracle, Scr. Mater. 51, 449 (2004).
Y.-H. Lee and D. Kwong, Acta Mater. 52, 1555 (2004).
K. O. Kese, Z. C. Li, and B. Bergman, J. Mater. Res. 19, 3109 (2004).
Y.-H. Lee, K. Takashima, and D. Kwong, Scr. Mater. 50, 1193 (2004).
M. Zhao, X. Chen, J. Yan, and A. Karlsson, Acta Mater. 54, 2823 (2006).
X. Chen, J. Yan, and A. M. Karlsson, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 416, 139 (2006).
S. D. Mesarovic and N. A. Fleck, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 455, 2707 (1999).
M. A. Lebedkin, Y. Brechet, Y. Estrin, and L. Kubin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4758 (1995).
M. A. Lebedkin, Y. Brechet, Y. Estrin, and L. Kubin, Acta Mater. 44, 4531 (1996).
M. A. Lebedkin and L. R. Dunin-Barkovskiĭ, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 113(5), 1816 (1998) [JETP 86 (5), 993 (1998)].
M. A. Lebedkin, L. Dunin-Barkovskii, Y. Brechet, Y. Estrin, and L. Kubin, Acta Mater. 48, 2529 (2000).
M. M. Krishtall, Fiz. Mezomekh. 7, 5 (2004).
G. Berches, N. Q. Chinh, A. Jahasz, and J. Lendvai, J. Mater. Res. 13, 1411 (1998).
G. Berches, N. Q. Chinh, A. Jahasz, and J. Lendvai, Acta Mater. 46, 2029 (1998).
Zs. Kovacs, D. Fatay, K. Nyilas, and J. Lendvai, J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 124, 1 (2002).
N. Q. Chinh, G. Horvath, Zs. Kovacs, and J. Lendvai. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 324, 219 (2002).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, and M. A. Lebedkin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 44(7), 1254 (2002) [Phys. Solid State 44 (7), 1310 (2002)].
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, M. A. Lebedkin, and D. A. Sergunin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 46(9), 1618 (2004) [Phys. Solid State 46 (9), 1671 (2004)].
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, M. A. Lebedkin, and D. A. Sergunin, Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 97(2), 108 (2004) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 97 (2), 220 (2004)].
Yu. I. Golovin, S. N. Dub, V. I. Ivolgin, V. V. Korenkov, and A. I. Tyurin, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz. 68, 1428 (2004).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, V. A. Khonik, K. Kitagawa, and A. I. Tyurin, Scr. Mater. 45, 947 (2001).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, A. I. Tyurin, and V. A. Khonik, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 45(7), 1209 (2003) [Phys. Solid State 45 (7), 1267 (2003)].
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, A. I. Tyurin, S. V. Potapov, V. Z. Bengus, and E. D. Tabachnikova, Kristallografiya 50(2), 326 (2005) [Crystallogr. Rep. 50 (2), 291 (2005)].
Yu. Milman, D. V. Lotsko, S. N. Dub, A. I. Ustinov, S. C. Polischcuk, and S. V. Ulshin, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 5937 (2007).
G. E. Lucas, J. Nucl. Mater. 117, 327 (1983).
B. Storakes and P. L. Larason, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 42, 307 (1994).
S. Srinivas, D. V. V. Sattyanarayana, and M. C. Pandey, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 49, 625 (1996).
J. C. M. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 322, 23 (2002).
C. A. Schuh and T. G. Nieh, Acta Mater. 51, 87 (2003).
G. P. Zhang, W. Wang, B. Zhang, J. Tan, and C. S. Liu, Scr. Mater. 52, 1147 (2005).
R. Goodall and T. W. Clyne, Acta Mater. 54, 5489 (2006).
H. Li and A. H. W. Ngan, Scr. Mater. 52, 827 (2005).
V. Bhakhri and R. J. Klassen, Scr. Mater. 55, 395 (2006).
C. A. Tweedie and K. J. van Vliet, J. Mater. Res. 21, 1576 (2006).
M. Oyen, Acta Mater. 55, 3633 (2007).
S. T. Choi, S. J. Jeong, and Y. Y. Earme, Scr. Mater. 58, 199 (2008).
V. A. Likhachev and V. G. Malinin, The Structural-Analytical Theory of Strength (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 1993) [in Russian].
M. J. Adams, D. M. Gorman, S. A. Jonson, and B. J. Briscoe, Philos. Mag. A 82, 2121 (2002).
C. A. Tweedie and K. J. van Vliet, J. Mater. Res. 21, 3029 (2006).
M. L. Trunov, V. S. Bilanich, and S. N. Dub, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 77(10), 50 (2007) [Tech. Phys. 52 (10), 1298 (2007)].
S. M. Goh and M. G. Scanlon, Acta Mater. 55, 3857 (2007).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, and R. I. Ryabko, Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 30(5), 64 (2004) [Tech. Phys. Lett. 30 (3), 202 (2004)].
Nanoelectronics and Information Technology: Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel Devices, Ed. by R. Waser (Wiley, Weinheim, 2003).
X. L. Fu, Y. Li, and C. A. Schuh, Acta Mater. 55, 3059 (2007).
B. C. Wei, L. C. Zhang, T. H. Zhang, D. M. Xing, J. Das, and J. Eckert, J. Mater. Res. 22, 258 (2007).
Yu. I. Golovin, Yu. L. Iunin, and A. I. Tyurin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 392(1–3), 336 (2003) [Dokl. Phys. 48 (9), 505 (2003)].
Yu. I. Golovin, A. I. Tyurin, and V. V. Khlebnikov, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 75(4), 91 (2005) [Tech. Phys. 50 (4), 479 (2005)].
D. S. Stone and K. B. Yoder, J. Mater. Res. 9, 2524 (1994).
S. N. G. Chu and J. C. M. Li, J. Mater. Sci. 12, 2200 (1977).
E. Takakura and S. Horibe, J. Mater. Sci. 22, 6151 (1992).
A. Pajares, L. Wei, B. R. Lawn, and D. B. Marshall, J. Mater. Res. 11, 2613 (1996).
F. Guiberteau, N. P. Padture, H. Cai, and B. R. Lawn, Philos. Mag. A 5, 1003 (1993).
F. Guiberteau, N. P. Padture, and B. R. Lawn, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 7, 1825 (1994).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, V. V. Korenkov, and B. J. Farber, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 43(10), 1839 (2001) [Phys. Solid State 43 (10), 1917 (2001)].
R. J. Anton and G. Subhash, Wear 239, 27 (2000).
J. Laukford, W. W. Predebon, J. M. Staehler, S. Subhash, B. J. Pletka, and C. E. Anderson, Mech. Mater. 29, 205 (1998).
G. Subhash and G. Ravichandrau, J. Mater. Sci. 33, 1933 (1998).
V. Domnich and Y. Gogotsi, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 3, 1 (2002).
R. H. J. Hannik, P. M. Kelly, and B. C. Muddle, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 461 (2000).
J.-J. Kim, Y. Cyoi, S. Suresh, and A. S. Argon, Science (Washington) 295, 654 (2002).
Y. G. Gogotsi, A. Kailer, and K. J. Nickel, Nature (London) 401, 666 (1999).
R. O. Pilzt, J. R. Maclean, S. J. Clark, G. J. Ackland, P. D. Hatton, and J. Crain, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 52, 4072 (1995).
I. V. Gridneva, J. V. Milman, and V. I. Trefilov, Phys. Status Solidi A 14, 177 (1972).
A. P. Gerk and D. Tabor, Nature (London) 271, 732 (1978).
V. Domnich, Y. Gogotsi, and S. Dub, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2214 (2000).
Yu. Gogotsi, V. Domnich, S. N. Dub, A. Kailer, and K. G. Nicckel, J. Mater. Res. 15, 87 (2000).
C. Piconi and G. Maccauro, Biomaterials 20, 1 (1999).
R. C. Garvie, R. H. J. Hannik, and R. T. Pascoe, Nature (London) 258, 703 (1975).
Yu. I. Golovin, V. V. Korenkov, and B. Ya. Farber, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz. 67, 840 (2003).
E. Williams, Ann. Sci. 13, 23 (1957).
W. Weibull, Proc. R. Swedish Inst. Eng. Res. 153, 1 (1939).
Z. P. Bazant and J. Planas, Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasi-Brittle Materials (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, United States, 1998).
Z. P. Bazant, Arch. Appl. Mech. 69, 703 (1999).
I. Manika and J. Maniks, Acta Mater. 54, 2049 (2006).
J. F. Nye, Acta Metall. 1, 153 (1953).
N. A. Fleck and J. W. Hatchinson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 41, 1825 (1993).
M. A. Begley and J. W. Hatchinson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46, 2049 (1998).
W. D. Nix and H. J. Gao, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46, 411 (1998).
B. R. Lawn, A. G. Evans, and D. B. Marshall, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 574 (1980).
G. R. Anstis, P. Chanticul, B. R. Lawn, and D. B. Marshall. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64, 533 (1981).
M. T. Laugier, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6, 897 (1987).
R. Dukino and M. V. Swain, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 3299 (1992).
Nanostructured Coatings, Ed. by A. Cavaleiro and J. T. M. de Hosson (Springer, New York, 2006).
G. V. Dedkov, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170(6), 585 (2000) [Phys.-Usp. 43 (6), 541 (2000)].
Fundamentals of Friction and Wear, Ed. by E. Gnecco and E. Meyer (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
A. K. Bhattacharya and W. Nix, Int. J. Solids Struct. 24, 1287 (1998).
T. Y. Tsui and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 14, 292 (1999).
X. Chen and J. J. Vlassak, J. Mater. Res. 16, 2974 (2001).
R. Saha and W. D. Nix, Acta Mater. 50, 23 (2002).
G. Abadias, S. Dub, and R. Shmegera, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 6538 (2006).
Y. T. Pei, G. M. Song, W. G. Sloof, and J. Th. M. de Hosson, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 6911 (2007).
M. Sakai, J. Zhang, and A. Matsuda, J. Mater. Res. 20, 2173 (2005).
Y. Xiang, X. Chen, T. Y. Tsui, J.-I. Jang, and J. J. Vlassak, J. Mater. Res. 21, 386 (2006).
X. Li and B. Bhushan, Mater. Charact. 48, 11 (2002).
A. A. Volinsky, N. R. Moody, and W. W. Gerberich, Acta Mater. 50, 441 (2002).
D. B. Marshall and A. G. Evans, Appl. Phys. 56, 2632 (1984).
L. G. Rosenfeld, J. E. Ritter, T. J. Lardner, and M. R. Lin, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3291 (1990).
W. W. Gerberich, D. E. Kramer, N. I. Tymiak, A. A. Volinsky, D. F. Bahr, and M. D. Kriese, Acta Mater. 47, 4115 (1999).
M. J. Cordill, N. R. Moody, and D. F. Bahr, Acta Mater. 53, 2555 (2005).
M. D. Kriese, W. W. Gerberich, and N. R. Moody, J. Mater. Res. 14 (Part I), 3007 (1999); J. Mater. Res. 14 (Part II), 3019 (1999).
A. G. Evans, J. W. Hutchinson, and M. Y. He, Acta Mater. 47, 1513 (1999).
F. Spaepen, Acta Mater. 48, 31 (2000).
M. P. de Boer and W. W. Gerberich, Acta Mater. 44, 3169 (1996).
M. P. de Boer and W. W. Gerberich, Acta Mater. 44, 3177 (1996).
M. R. Begley, D. R. Mumm, A. G. Evans, and W. W. Hutchinson, Acta Mater. 48, 3211 (2000).
A. Pandit and N. P. Padture, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 22, 1261 (2003).
M. R. Elizalde, J. M. Sanchez, J. M. Martinez-Esnaola, D. Pantuso, T. Scherban. B. Sun, and G. Xu, Acta Mater. 51, 4295 (2003).
B. Rother and D. A. Dietrich, Thin Solid Films 250, 181 (1994).
B. D. Beake, S. R. Goodes, and J. F. Smith, Surf. Eng. 17, 187 (2001).
C. A. Cooper, S. R. Cohen, A. H. Barber, and D. H. Wagner, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3873 (2002).
T. Y. Tsui and A. J. McKerrow, J. Mater. Res. 20, 2266 (2005).
J. J. Vlassak, Int. J. Fracture 119, 299 (2003).
P. Burnett and D. Rickersby, Thin Solid Films 154, 403 (1987).
V. Tvergaard and J. W. Hutchinson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 44, 789 (1996).
M. P. de Boer, J. C. Nelson, and W. W. Gerberich, J. Mater. Res. 12, 2673 (1997).
M. P. de Boer, J. C. Nelson, and W. W. Gerberich, J. Mater. Res. 13, 1002 (1998).
A. Bagchi, G. Lukas, Z. Suo, and A. Evans, J. Mater. Res. 11, 4051 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © Yu.I. Golovin, 2008, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2008, Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 2113–2142.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golovin, Y.I. Nanoindentation and mechanical properties of solids in submicrovolumes, thin near-surface layers, and films: A Review. Phys. Solid State 50, 2205–2236 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783408120019
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783408120019