Abstract
An attempt to set up ecologically acceptable concentrations of toxic components contained in phosphogypsum was made for soils of different land uses. For this purpose, an experimental ecological evaluation of a standard soil mixture (model artificial soil ISO 11268-1) treated with phosphogypsum was performed. Both positive and negative effects of the phosphogypsum components were found. Thus, a significant increase in the biomass of lawn grasses was observed in the model soil with the phosphogypsum content of less than 3.3%. In the soil containing more than 6.8% phosphogypsum, the concentrations of Sr and F exceeded the maximum permissible values and adversely affected the living organisms. According to the basic ecological norms, the allowable content of phosphogypsum should be ≤2.0% for the soils of specially protected natural areas; ≤6.8% for agricultural and urban soils; and ≤9.6% for the soils of forest, water management, and transport lands.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. V. Verkhovtseva and G. A. Osipov, “Method of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in the study of microbial communities of the soils of agrocenoses,” Probl. Agrokhim. Ekolog., No. 2, 51–54 (2008).
E. L. Vorobeichik, O. F. Sadykov, and M. G. Farafontov, Ecological Regulation of Technogenic Pollutants of Terrestrial Ecosystems (Local Level) (UIF “Nauka”, Yekaterinburg, 1994) [in Russian].
V. V. Ivanitskii, P. V. Klassen, A. A. Novikov et al., Phosphogypsum and Its Application (Khimiya, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].
V. V. Koval’skii, Geochemical Ecology (Nauka, Moscow, 1974) [in Russian].
A. P. Levich, “Biotic concept of the environmental control,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk 337(2), 280–282 (1994).
I. N. Lyubimova and T. I. Borisochkina, The Impact of Potentially Hazardous Elements Contained in Phosphogypsum on the Environment (Pochv. inst. im. V.V. Dokuchaeva RASKhN, Moscow, 2007) [in Russian].
I. M. Lyashkevich, “High-strength construction materials based on gypsum and phosphogypsum,” Stroit. Mater., No. 11, 22–26 (1985).
Methods of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, Ed. by D. G. Zvyagintsev (Izd. Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].
Methods of Experimental Mycology, Ed. by I. A. Dudka, S. P. Vassera, and I. A. Ellanskaya (Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1982) [in Russian].
A. Yu. Opekunov, Ecological Norms and the Environmental Impact Assessment (Izd. SPbGU, St. Petersburg, 2006) [in Russian].
A. G. Platonov and M. Ya. Akhalaya, Dose Dependence of Postradiation Mortality. Calculation of Half-Lethal Dose LD50 by Probit-Analysis (Izd. Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 2006) [in Russian].
E. M. Rashkovskii, O. V. Loshchinin, V. S. Chumakov, S. Yu. Grinberg, M. A. Stepanov, A Method of Chemical Amelioration of Solonetzic Chernozemic Soils (Rosagropromizdat, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].
Recommendations on the Application of Phosphogypsum to Reclaim Solonetzes (Pochv. inst. im. V.V. Dokuchaeva RASKhN, Moscow, 2006) [in Russian].
V. A. Terekhova, “Soil Bioassay: Problems and Approaches,” Eur. Soil Sci. 44(2), 173–179 (2011).
V. A. Terekhova, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Biology (Moscow, 2004).
V. A. Terekhova, “Bioindication and Bbiotesting in the environmental control,” in The Use of Conservation of Natural Resources. Information Bulletin (Moscow, 2007).
V. A. Terekhova, D. B. Domashnev, M. A. Kanis’kin, and A. V. Stepachev, “Ekotoxicological evaluation of the increased soil phosphorus according to the response of test systems at different stages of their development,” Probl. Agrokhim. Ekolog., No. 3, 21–26 (2009).
G. S. Fomin and A. G. Fomin, Soil. Quality Control and Ecological Safety according to International Standards (Protektor, Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].
A. S. Yakovlev and M. V. Evdokimova, “Ecological standardization of soil and soil quality control,” Eur. Soil Sci. 44(5), 534–546 (2011).
J. Cairns, Jr., “Biological monitoring. Part I. Early warning systems,” Water Res., No. 14, 1179–1196 (2005).
M. C. S. Carvalho and B. van Raij, “Calcium Sulphate, phosphogypsum and calcium carbonate in the amelioration of acid subsoils for root growth,” Plant Soil, No. 192, 37–48 (1997).
F. Elbaz-Poulicheta, C. Braungardt, E. Achterberg, N. Nicholas Morley, D. Cossa, J.-M. Beckers, P. Nomerange, A. Cruzado, M. Leblanc, “Metal biogeochemistry in the Tinto-Odiel Rivers (Southern Spain) and in the Gulf of Cadiz: a synthesis of the results of TOROS project,” Cont. Shelf Res., No. 21, 1961–1973 (2001).
M. L. Free, J. S. Zhu, and M. B. Moudgil, “The effect of peo and organic sulfonates in enhancing phosphogypsum filtration,” Int. J. Miner. Process., No. 57, 25–42 (1999).
G. Persoone and N. Stepanova, et al., “Practical and user-friendly toxicity classification system with microbiotests for natural waters and wastewaters,” Environ. Toxicol., No. 18 (6), 395–402 (2003).
M. M. Smadi, R. H. Haddad, and A. M. Akour, “Potential use of phosphogypsum in concrete,” Cement Concrete Res., No. 29, 1419–1425 (1999).
H. Tayibi, M. Choura, F. A. Lopez, F. J. Alguacil, A. Lopez-Delgado, “Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum,” J. Environ. Manag., No. 90, 2377–2386 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.S. Yakovlev, M.A. Kaniskin, V.A. Terekhova, 2013, published in Pochvovedenie, 2013, No. 6, pp. 737–743.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yakovlev, A.S., Kaniskin, M.A. & Terekhova, V.A. Ecological evaluation of artificial soils treated with phosphogypsum. Eurasian Soil Sc. 46, 697–703 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229313060124
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229313060124