Ian F. Akyildiz
Dario Pompili
Abstract
Ocean bottom sensor nodes can be used for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, Unmanned or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will find application in exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater Networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area.In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the underwater channel is characterized. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed at all layers of the protocol stack. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined.
- {1} M. Stojanovic, "Acoustic (underwater) communications," in Encyclopedia of Telecommunications, J. G. Proakis, Ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2003.Google Scholar
- {2} J. Proakis, J. Rice, E. Sozer, and M. Stojanovic, "Shallow water acoustic networks," in Encyclopedia of Telecommunications, J. G. Proakis, Ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2003.Google Scholar
- {3} J. G. Proakis, E. M. Sozer, J. A. Rice, and M. Stojanovic, "Shallow water acoustic networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 114-119, Nov. 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- {4} L. Freitag and M. Stojanovic, "Acoustic communications for regional undersea observatories," in Proceedings of Oceanology International, London, U.K., mar 2002.Google Scholar
- {5} I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless sensor networks: A survey," Computer Networks (Elsevier) Journal, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 393-422, Mar. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- {6} J. Catipovic, "Performance limitations in underwater acoustic telemetry," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 15, pp. 205-216, July 1990.Google ScholarCross Ref
- {7} M. Stojanovic, J. Catipovic, and J. Proakis, "Phase coherent digital communications for underwater acoustic channels," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 100-111, Jan. 1994.Google ScholarCross Ref
- {8} R. Jurdak, C. V. Lopes, and P. Baldi, "A survey, classification and comparative analysis of medium access control protocols for ad hoc networks," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 6, no. 1, First Quarter 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- {9} D. N. Kalofonos, M. Stojanovic, and J. G. Proakis, "Performance of adaptive MC-CDMA detectors in rapidly fading rayleigh channels," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 229-239, Mar. 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- {10} W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, vol. 3, New York, NY, USA, June, pp. 1567-1576.Google Scholar
- {11} M. Abolhasan, T. Wysocki, and E. Dutkiewicz, "A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 2, pp. 1-22, Jan. 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- {12} T. Melodia, D. Pompili, and I. F. Akyildiz, "Optimal local topology knowledge for energy efficient geographical routing in sensor networks," in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004, Hong Kong S.A.R., PRC, March 2004.Google Scholar
- {13} Y. Sankarasubramaniam, O. B. Akan, and I. F. Akyildiz, "ESRT: event-to-sink reliable transport for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of ACM MOBIHOC 2003, Annapolis, MD, USA, June, pp. 177-188. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Challenges for efficient communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks
Recommendations
Low-Power Based Coherent Acoustic Modem for Emerging Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Smart, small, inexpensive sensor nodes are used to construct underwater acoustic sensor networks. In addition, with the recent increase in the importance of underwater applications, the need for underwater communication has become more important. Hence, ...
An ultrasonic sensor based low-power acoustic modem for underwater communication in underwater wireless sensor networks
EUC'07: Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Emerging direction in embedded and ubiquitous computingApplications of underwater sensor networks involve environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, and resource detection. As the importance of these applications has recently grown, underwater sensor networks made up of sensor nodes have to be further ...
An Ultrasonic Sensor Based Low-Power Acoustic Modem for Underwater Communication in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous ComputingAbstractApplications of underwater sensor networks involve environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, and resource detection. As the importance of these applications has recently grown, underwater sensor networks made up of sensor nodes have to be ...
Comments