ABSTRACT
Energy is of primary importance in wireless sensor networks. By being able to estimate the energy consumption of the sensor nodes, applications and routing protocols are able to make informed decisions that increase the lifetime of the sensor network. However, it is in general not possible to measure the energy consumption on popular sensor node platforms. In this paper, we present and evaluate a software-based on-line energy estimation mechanism that estimates the energy consumption of a sensor node. We evaluate the mechanism by comparing the estimated energy consumption with the lifetime of capacitor-powered sensor nodes. By implementing and evaluating the X-MAC protocol, we show how software-based on-line energy estimation can be used to empirically evaluate the energy efficiency of sensor network protocols.
- M. Buettner, G. V. Yee, E. Anderson, and R. Han. X-mac: a short preamble mac protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In SenSys '06: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 307--320, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Dunkels, B. Grönvall, and T. Voigt. Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In Proceedings of the First IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (IEEE Emnets '04), Tampa, Florida, USA, November 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Jiang, P. Dutta, D. Culler, and I. Stoica. Micro power meter for energy monitoring of wireless sensor networks at scale. In IPSN '07: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks, pages 186--195, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O. Landsiedel, K. Wehrle, and S. Götz. Accurate prediction of power consumption in sensor networks. In Proceedings of The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNetS-II), Sydney, Australia, May 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Levis, N. Lee, M. Welsh, and D. Culler. Tossim: accurate and scalable simulation of entire tinyos applications. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 126--137, Los Angeles, California, USA, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Park, K. Lahiri, and A. Raghunathan. Battery discharge characteristics of wireless sensor nodes: An experimental analysis. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conf. on Sensor and Ad-hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), Santa Clara, California, USA, September 2005.Google Scholar
- J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, and D. Culler. Telos: Enabling ultra-low power wireless research. In Proc. IPSN/SPOTS'05, Los Angeles, CA, USA, April 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Ritter, J. Schiller, T. Voigt, A. Dunkels, and J. Alonso. Experimental Evaluation of Lifetime Bounds for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Sensor Networks (EWSN2005), Istanbul, Turkey, January 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Schiller, H. Ritter, A. Liers, and T. Voigt. Scatterweb - low power nodes and energy aware routing. In Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, USA, January 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Schurgers and M. Srivastava. Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of MILCOM 2001, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. Staub, T. Bernoulli, M. Anwander, M. Waelchli, and T. Braun. Experimental lifetime evaluation for mac protocols on real sensor hardware. In Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks (REALWSN'06), Uppsala, Sweden, June 2006.Google Scholar
- O. Younis and S. Fahmy. An experimental study of routing and data aggregation in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Localized Communication and Topology Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks (IEEE LOCAN), Washington, DC, USA, November 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Y. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Residual energy scan for monitoring sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'02), Orlando, Florida, USA, March 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Software-based on-line energy estimation for sensor nodes
Recommendations
Software-based sensor node energy estimation
SenSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systemsBeing able to estimate the energy consumption of sensor nodes is essential both for evaluating existing sensor network mechanisms and for constructing new energy-aware mechanisms. We present a software-based mechanism for estimating the energy ...
Nodes Deployment Mechanism Based on Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
In wireless sensor networks, devices are required to self-organize themselves into a network without previously established infrastructure. Because the device is battery-powered, one of the most important design criteria for this type of network is ...
A Centralized Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol for the Static Sensor Nodes
EWSN '19: Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and NetworksAs the core technology of Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, Wireless Sensor Network sends the information to the high-level application through deploying large quantities of sensor nodes which collaboratively perceive, collect, process and transmit ...
Comments