skip to main content
10.1145/2414393.2414397acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesextremecomConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Network coded routing in delay tolerant networks: an experience report

Published:26 September 2011Publication History

ABSTRACT

In delay-tolerant networks, end-to-end routes are rarely available, and routing protocols must take advantage of the opportunistic interactions among nodes to deliver packets. Probabilistic routing performs well in such networks and has been the dominant focus of research in this area. However, creating efficient routing protocols is challenging because to reduce latency, one often needs to replicate messages thus increasing routing overhead. Network coding has been explored as a way to increase throughput in DTNs without a significant increase in overhead, and network coded routing approaches have shown promising results. In this paper, we report on our experience integrating both erasure coded and network coded routing into the well-adopted DTN2 Reference Implementation. We implement our routing module and evaluate it via small real-world field tests.

References

  1. A. Caro and J. Zinky. DTN erasure coding protocol (preliminary notes). To appear as Internet Draft.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. E. Altman, F. De Pellegrini, and L. Sassatelli. Dynamic control of coding in delay tolerant networks. In Proc. of INFOCOM, 2010. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. A. Balasubramanian, B. Levine, and A. Venkataramani. DTN routing as a resource allocation problem. In Proc. of SIGCOMM, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. C. Boldrini, M. Conti, I. Iacopini, and A. Passarella. HiBOp: A history based routing protocol for opportunisitic networks. In Proc. of WoWMoM, 2007.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. M. Chuah, P. Yang, and Y. Xi. How mobility models affect the design of network coding schemes for disruption tolerant networks. In Proc. of NetCod, 2009.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. DTN external router interface. http://www.dtnrg.org/docs/code/DTN2/doc/external-router-interface.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. DTNRG. DTN bundle protocol reference implementation. http://www.dtnrg.org/wiki/Code.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. K. R. Fall. A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. In Proc. of SIGCOMM, 2003. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. D. Hahn, G. Lee, B. Walker, M. Beecher, and P. Mundur. Using virtualization and live migration in a scalable mobile wireless testbed. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., 38:21--25, January 2011. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. K. Harras, K. Almeroth, and E. Belding-Royer. Delay tolerant mobile networks (DTMNs): Controlled flooding in sparse mobile networks. In Proc. of Networking, pages 1180--1192, May 2005. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. HBSD: An external router for DTN2. http://planete.inria.fr/HBSD_DTN2.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. S. Jain, K. Fall, and R. Patra. Routing in a delay tolerant network. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Comm. Rev., 34(4):145--158, October 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Medard, and J. Crowcroft. XORs in the air: Practical wireless network coding. In Proc. of SIGCOMM, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Y. Kim, K. Taylor, C. Dunbar, B. Walker, and P. Mundur. Reality vs emulation: Running real mobility traces on a mobile wireless testbed. In HotPlanet 2011 (to appear), 2011. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Y. Lin, B. Li, and B. Liang. Efficient network coded data transmissions in disruption tolerant networks. In Proc. of INFOCOM, pages 1508--1516, 2008.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. A. Lindgren, A. Doria, and O. Schelen. Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. In Proc. of SAPIR, pages 239--254, 2004.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  17. M4RI(e). http://m4ri.sagemath.org/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. T. Matsuda and T. Takine. (p,q)-Epidemic routing for sparsely populated mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE J. on Sel. Areas in Comm., 26(5):783--793, June 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. A. Pentland, R. Fletcher, and A. Hasson. DakNet: Rethinking connectivity in developing nations. IEEE Comp., 37(1):78--83, January 2004. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. http://mpc.ece.utexas.edu/pharos.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. http://proteus.ece.utexas.edu.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. K. Scott and S. Burleigh. Bundle Protocol Specification. RFC 5050 (Experimental), Nov. 2007.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. S. Sengupta, S. Rayanchu, and S. Banerjee. An analysis of wireless network coding for unicast sessions: The case for coding-aware routing. In Proc. of INFOCOM, pages 1028--1036, 2007.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. S. Symington. Delay-Tolerant Networking Metadata Extension Block. RFC 6258 (Experimental), 2011.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. B. N. Vellambi, R. Subramanian, F. Fekri, and M. Ammar. Reliable and efficient message delivery in delay tolerant networks using rateless codes. In Proc. of MobiOpp, 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Y. Wang, S. Jain, M. Martonosi, and K. Fall. Erasure-coding based routing for opportunistic networks. In Proc. of WDTN, pages 229--236, 2005. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. J. Widmer and J.-Y. L. Boudec. Network coding for efficient communication in extreme networks. In Proc. of WDTN, 2005. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. X. Zhang, G. Neglia, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley. On the benefits of random linear coding for unicast applications in distruption tolerant networks. In Proc. of WiOpt, pages 1--7, 2006.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Network coded routing in delay tolerant networks: an experience report

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      ExtremeCom '11: Proceedings of the 3rd Extreme Conference on Communication: The Amazon Expedition
      September 2011
      79 pages
      ISBN:9781450310796
      DOI:10.1145/2414393

      Copyright © 2011 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 26 September 2011

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader