Nemanja Djuric
ABSTRACT
We address the problem of hate speech detection in online user comments. Hate speech, defined as an "abusive speech targeting specific group characteristics, such as ethnicity, religion, or gender", is an important problem plaguing websites that allow users to leave feedback, having a negative impact on their online business and overall user experience. We propose to learn distributed low-dimensional representations of comments using recently proposed neural language models, that can then be fed as inputs to a classification algorithm. Our approach addresses issues of high-dimensionality and sparsity that impact the current state-of-the-art, resulting in highly efficient and effective hate speech detectors.
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Index Terms
- Hate Speech Detection with Comment Embeddings
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Reviews
Lalit P Saxena
Hate speech comments in online forums are a form of offensive language targeted at specific groups with an aim to dishonor. Hate speech is also considered as synonym to misinformation, smears, and social pollution. The unmonitored activities of online social communities and uncontrollable access to the Internet are proliferating hate speech in online comments. The authors propose a two-step method to address the issue of hate speech detection in online comments. The method comprises a continuous bag-of-words (BOW) neural language model and embeddings using paragraph-to-vector and a binary classifier for training, respectively. In the first step, the method uses hierarchical soft-max to reduce time complexity, which enables efficient training. In the second step, the method learns vector representations for processing through a linear regression classifier to distinguish between hate speech and clean comments. The authors collected 56,280 hate speech comments and 895,456 clean comments from 209,776 anonymous Yahoo Finance website users over six months. They claim that the vocabulary size of 304,427 is the largest dataset of hate speech comments available in the literature. The neural language model accepts a continuous feature vector of dimensionality of size 200 and the context for word sequences of length 5 for 5 iterative processing. The authors compared the proposed method with BOW (term frequency) and BOW (term frequency-inverse document frequency) and use the area under the curve to validate their results. The authors present insights on the proposed method in terms of reduced training time and less memory usage compared to other methods. They further propose that their method is a solution to the hate speech detection problem, alongside reducing high dimensionality and sparsity issues in online comments. Online Computing Reviews Service
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