Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Research Directions

Authors:
Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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,
Cristiano Tapparello

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

0000-0002-8016-8676
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,
Wendi Heinzelman

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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,
Ferdinand Apietu Katsriku

University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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,
Jamal-Deen Abdulai

University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Authors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 13 Issue 1Article No.: 4pp 1–41https://doi.org/10.1145/3005719

Published:28 January 2017Publication History

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

Abstract

Water is essential for human survival. Although approximately 71% of the world is covered in water, only 2.5% of this is fresh water; hence, fresh water is a valuable resource that must be carefully monitored and maintained. In developing countries, 80% of people are without access to potable water. Cholera is still reported in more than 50 countries. In Africa, 75% of the drinking water comes from underground sources, which makes water monitoring an issue of key concern, as water monitoring can be used to track water quality changes over time, identify existing or emerging problems, and design effective intervention programs to remedy water pollution. It is important to have detailed knowledge of potable water quality to enable proper treatment and also prevent contamination. In this article, we review methods for water quality monitoring (WQM) from traditional manual methods to more technologically advanced methods employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for in situ WQM. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the sensor devices, data acquisition procedures, communication and network architectures, and power management schemes to maintain a long-lived operational WQM system. Finally, we discuss open issues that need to be addressed to further advance automatic WQM using WSNs.

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Index Terms

Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Research Directions
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Sensor networks
    2. Sensors and actuators
2. General and reference
  1. Document types
    1. Surveys and overviews

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Published in
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 13, Issue 1
February 2017
242 pages
ISSN:1550-4859
EISSN:1550-4867
DOI:10.1145/3027492
Editor:
Chenyang Lu
Department of Computer Science and Engineering / School of Engineering and Applied Sciences / Washington University / 1 Brookings Drive / St. Louis, MO 63130
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Copyright © 2017 ACM
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Publication History
- Published: 28 January 2017
- Accepted: 1 October 2016
- Revised: 1 August 2016
- Received: 1 February 2016
Published in tosn Volume 13, Issue 1

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Wireless sensor networks
environmental monitoring
water quality
Qualifiers
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Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Research Directions

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

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