Jasenka Dizdarević
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This article surveys e application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog- and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the article first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the article surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption, and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability, and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture.
- O. Hahm, E. Baccelli, H. Petersen, and N. Tsiftes. 2016. Operating systems for low-end devices in the internet of things: A survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 3, 5 (Oct. 2016), 720--734.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Y. Xu, V. Mahendran, W. Guo, and S. Radhakrishnan. 2017. Fairness in fog networks: Achieving fair throughput performance in MQTT-based IoTs. In Proceedings of the 2017 14th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC’17). 191--196.Google Scholar
- P. Sethi and Smruti R. Sarangi. 2017. Internet of things: Architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (2017), 1--25. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alessio Botta, Walter de Donato, Valerio Persico, and Antonio Pescapé. 2014. On the integration of cloud computing and internet of things. In Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FICLOUD’14). IEEE Computer Society, 23--30. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Huo, T. C. Chien, and P. H. Chou. 2014. Middleware for IoT-Cloud integration across application domains. IEEE Design Test 31, 3 (June 2014), 21--31.Google Scholar
- G. Fortino, A. Guerrieri, W. Russo, and C. Savaglio. 2014. Integration of agent-based and cloud computing for the smart objects-oriented IoT. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD’14). 493--498.Google Scholar
- T. Pflanzner and A. Kertesz. 2016. A survey of IoT cloud providers. In Proceedings of the 2016 39th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO’16). 730--735.Google Scholar
- Flavio Bonomi, Rodolfo Milito, Jiang Zhu, and Sateesh Addepalli. 2012. Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In Proceedings of the 1st Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC’12). ACM, New York, 13--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Marjani, F. Nasaruddin, A. Gani, A. Karim, I. A. T. Hashem, A. Siddiqa, and I. Yaqoob. 2017. Big IoT data analytics: Architecture, opportunities, and open research challenges. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 5247--5261.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. M. Babu, A. J. Lakshmi, and B. T. Rao. 2015. A study on cloud based internet of things: CloudIoT. In Proceedings of the 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT’15). 60--65.Google Scholar
- M. A. Razzaque, M. Milojevic-Jevric, A. Palade, and S. Clarke. 2016. Middleware for internet of things: A survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 3, 1 (Feb. 2016), 70--95.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. S. Solapure and H. Kenchannavar. 2016. Internet of things: A survey related to various recent architectures and platforms available. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI’16). 2296--2301.Google Scholar
- J. Granjal, E. Monteiro, and J. Sá Silva. 2015. Security for the internet of things: A survey of existing protocols and open research issues. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 17, 3 (3rd quarter, 2015), 1294--1312.Google Scholar
- A. Al-Fuqaha, A. Khreishah, M. Guizani, A. Rayes, and M. Mohammadi. 2015. Toward better horizontal integration among IoT services. IEEE Communications Magazine 53, 9 (Sept. 2015), 72--79.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Andrew (PrismTech) Foster. 2014. Messaging Technologies for the Industrial Internet and the Internet of Things. Retrieved February 15, 2018.Google Scholar
- N. Naik. 2017. Choice of effective messaging protocols for IoT systems: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP and HTTP. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium (ISSE’17). 1--7.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Ramirez and C. Pedraza. 2017. Performance analysis of communication protocols for internet of things platforms. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Colombian Conference on Communications and Computing (COLCOM’17). 1--7.Google Scholar
- S. N. Swamy, D. Jadhav, and N. Kulkarni. 2017. Security threats in the application layer in IOT applications. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC’17). 477--480.Google Scholar
- M. B. Yassein, M. Q. Shatnawi, and D. Al-zoubi. 2016. Application layer protocols for the internet of things: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Engineering MIS (ICEMIS’16). 1--4.Google Scholar
- L. Nastase. 2017. Security in the internet of things: A survey on application layer protocols. In Proceedings of the 2017 21st International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS’17). 659--666.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vasileios Karagiannis, Periklis Chatzimisios, Francisco Vazquez-Gallego, and Jesus Alonso-Zarate. 2015. A survey on application layer protocols for the internet of things. Transaction on IoT and Cloud Computing 3, 1 (2015), 11--17.Google Scholar
- Pavel Masek, Jiri Hosek, Krystof Zeman, Martin Stusek, Dominik Kovac, Petr Cika, Jan Masek, Sergey Andreev, and Franz Kropfl. 2016. Implementation of true IoT vision: Survey on enabling protocols and hands-on experience. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 12, 4 (2016), 8160282. Google ScholarDigital Library
- OpenFog Consortium. 2016. OpenFog. Retrieved February 2, 2018 from https://www.openfogconsortium.org/.Google Scholar
- Edge Computing Consortium (ECC) and Alliance of Industrial Internet (AII). 2017. Edge computing reference architecture 2.0. Retrieved from http://en.ecconsortium.org/Uploads/file/20180328/1522232376480704.pdf.Google Scholar
- mF2C Consortium. 2017. mF2C project. Retrieved from http://www.mf2c-project.eu/.Google Scholar
- E. Marin-Tordera, Xavi Masip, Jordi Garcia Almiñana, Admela Jukan, Guang-Jie Ren, and Jiafeng Zhu. 2017. Do we all really know what a fog node is? Current trends towards an open definition. Computer Communications. 109 (Sep. 2017), 117--130.Google Scholar
- Y. Jia, E. Bodanese, C. Phillips, J. Bigham, and R. Tao. 2014. Improved reliability of large scale publish/subscribe based MOMs using model checking. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS’14). 1--8.Google Scholar
- A. Antonić, M. Marjanović, P. Skočir, and I. P. Žarko. 2015. Comparison of the CUPUS middleware and MQTT protocol for smart city services. In Proceedings of the 2015 13th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL’15). 1--8.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Samia Allaoua Chelloug and Mohamed A. El-Zawawy. 2017. Middleware for internet of things: Survey and challenges. Intelligent Automation 8 Soft Computing 24 (2017), 1--9.Google Scholar
- A. Azzará, S. Bocchino, P. Pagano, G. Pellerano, and M. Petracca. 2013. Middleware solutions in WSN: The IoT oriented approach in the ICSI project. In Proceedings of the 2013 21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM’13). 1--6.Google Scholar
- M. Veeramanikandan and S. Sankaranarayanan. 2017. Publish/subscribe broker based architecture for fog computing. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS’17). 1024--1026.Google Scholar
- G. Banavar, T. Chandra, B. Mukherjee, J. Nagarajarao, R. E. Strom, and D. C. Sturman. 1999. An efficient multicast protocol for content-based publish-subscribe systems. In Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cat. No.99CB37003). 262--272. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Annika Hinze, Kai Sachs, and Alejandro Buchmann. 2009. Event-based applications and enabling technologies. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS’09). ACM, New York, Article 1, 15 pages. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Satvik Patel, Sunil Jardosh, Ashwin Makwana, and Amit Thakkar. 2017. Publish/Subscribe mechanism for IoT: A survey of event matching algorithms and open research challenges. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication and Networks, Nilesh Modi, Pramode Verma, and Bhushan Trivedi (Eds.). Springer, Singapore, 287--294.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kai Sachs, Stefan Appel, Samuel Kounev, and Alejandro Buchmann. 2010. Benchmarking publish/subscribe-based messaging systems. In Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Masatoshi Yoshikawa, Xiaofeng Meng, Takayuki Yumoto, Qiang Ma, Lifeng Sun, and Chiemi Watanabe (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, 203--214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Kerenen, M. Koster, and J. Jimenez. 2017. Publish-Subscribe Broker for the Constrained Application Protocol. RFC. RFC Editor. 1--23.Google Scholar
- I. Fette and A. Melnikov. 2011. The WebSocket Protocol. RFC 6455. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6455.txt.Google Scholar
- S. Cook, B. Mathieu, P. Truong, and I. Hamchaoui. 2017. QUIC: Better for what and for whom? In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’17). 1--6.Google Scholar
- Y. Cui, T. Li, C. Liu, X. Wang, and M. Kãihlewind. 2017. Innovating transport with QUIC: Design approaches and research challenges. IEEE Internet Computing 21, 2 (Mar. 2017), 72--76. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gaetano Carlucci, Luca De Cicco, and Saverio Mascolo. 2015. HTTP over UDP: An experimental investigation of QUIC. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC’15). ACM, New York, 609--614. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Roy T. Fielding, James Gettys, Jeffrey C. Mogul, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Larry Masinter, Paul J. Leach, and Tim Berners-Lee. 1999. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrew Banks and Rahul Gupta (Ed.). 29 October 2014. MQTT Version 3.1.1. OASIS Standard. http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html.Google Scholar
- Z. Shelby, K. Hartke, and C. Bormann. 2014. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC 7252. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252.txt.Google Scholar
- OASIS. 29 October 2012. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) Version 1.0. OASIS Standard. http://docs.oasis-open.org/amqp/core/v1.0/os/amqp-core-overview-v1.0-os.html.Google Scholar
- Object Management Group (OMG). 2015. Data distribution service (DDS) version 1.4. (March 2015), 1--20.Google Scholar
- P. Saint-Andre. 2004. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core. RFC 3920. RFC Editor.Google Scholar
- M. Belshe, R. Peon, and M. Thomson. 2015. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2). RFC 7540. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7540.txt.Google Scholar
- C. Severance. 2015. Roy T. Fielding: Understanding the REST style. Computer 48, 6 (June 2015), 7--9.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Z. B. Babovic, J. Protic, and V. Milutinovic. 2016. Web performance evaluation for internet of things applications. IEEE Access 4 (2016), 6974--6992.Google ScholarCross Ref
- W. Shang, Y. Yu, R. E. Droms, and L. Zhang. 2016. Challenges in IoT Networking via TCP/IP Architecture. NDN Project, Technical Report. NDN-00382 (2016), 7.Google Scholar
- T. Dierks and E. Rescorla. 2008. The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2. RFC 5246. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5246.txt.Google Scholar
- K. Bhargavan, B. Blanchet, and N. Kobeissi. 2017. Verified models and reference implementations for the TLS 1.3 standard candidate. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP’17). 483--502.Google Scholar
- X. Li, J. Xu, Z. Zhang, D. Feng, and H. Hu. 2016. Multiple handshakes security of TLS 1.3 candidates. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP’16). 486--505.Google Scholar
- T. Savolainen, N. Javed, and B. Silverajan. 2014. Measuring energy consumption for RESTful interactions in 3GPP IoT nodes. In Proceedings of the 2014 7th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC’14). 1--8.Google Scholar
- Daniel Stenberg. 2014. HTTP2 explained. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 44, 3 (July 2014), 120--128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Bormann, S. Lemay, H. Tschofenig, K. Hartke, B. Silverajan, and B. Raymor. 2018. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) over TCP, TLS, and WebSockets. RFC 8323. RFC Editor.Google Scholar
- H. V. Nguyen and L. L. Iacono. 2015. REST-ful CoAP message authentication. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things (SIoT’15). 35--43. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Correia, D. Sacramento, and G. Schãijtz. 2016. Dynamic aggregation and scheduling in CoAP/Observe-Based wireless sensor networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 3, 6 (Dec. 2016), 923--936.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Frustaci, P. Pace, G. Aloi, and G. Fortino. 2017. Evaluating critical security issues of the IoT world: Present and Future challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal PP, 99 (2017), 1--1.Google Scholar
- E. Rescorla and N. Modadugu. 2012. Datagram Transport Layer Security Version 1.2. RFC 6347. RFC Editor. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6347.txt.Google Scholar
- M. Panwar and A. Kumar. 2015. Security for IoT: An effective DTLS with public certificates. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications. 163--166.Google Scholar
- S. Raza, H. Shafagh, K. Hewage, R. Hummen, and T. Voigt. 2013. Lithe: Lightweight secure CoAP for the internet of things. IEEE Sensors Journal 13, 10 (Oct. 2013), 3711--3720.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Raza, D. Trabalza, and T. Voigt. 2012. 6LoWPAN compressed DTLS for CoAP. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 8th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems. 287--289. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. Lakkundi and K. Singh. 2014. Lightweight DTLS implementation in CoAP-based internet of things. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM’14). 7--11.Google Scholar
- Eclipse Mosquitto. 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from http://mosquitto.org/.Google Scholar
- Feng Lee. 2016. EMQ 2.0 Documentation.Google Scholar
- The Apache Software Foundation. 2010. Apache ActiveMQ. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from http://activemq.apache.org/.Google Scholar
- HiveMQ. 2015. HiveMQ - Enterprise MQTT Broker. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from https://www.hivemq.com/.Google Scholar
- Nick Maynard. 2015. MQTT and IBM MessageSight: Secure, reliable communications for the next generation of resilient mobile applications. Retrieved December 20, 2017 from https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/1501_maynard/1501_maynard.htmlf.Google Scholar
- The JoramMQ by ScalAgent. 2017. JoramMQ, a distributed broker for the Internet of Things. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from http://joram.ow2.org/.Google Scholar
- Pivotal Software. 2017. Rabbit MQTT Broker. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from http://www.rabbitmq.com/.Google Scholar
- VerneMQ. 2017. VerneMQ Broker. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from https://vernemq.com/.Google Scholar
- N. Tantitharanukul, K. Osathanunkul, K. Hantrakul, P. Pramokchon, and P. Khoenkaw. 2017. MQTT-Topics management system for sharing of open data. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (ICDAMT’17). 62--65.Google Scholar
- J. E. Luzuriaga, J. C. Cano, C. Calafate, P. Manzoni, M. Perez, and P. Boronat. 2015. Handling mobility in IoT applications using the MQTT protocol. In Proceedings of the 2015 Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA’15). 245--250.Google Scholar
- A. Stanford-Clark and H. Linh Troung. 2013. MQTT for sensor networks (MQTT-SN) protocol specification version 1.2. Mqtt.Org (2013). http://mqtt.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/MQTT-SN.Google Scholar
- K. Govindan and A. P. Azad. 2015. End-to-end service assurance in IoT MQTT-SN. In Proceedings of the 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC’15). 290--296.Google Scholar
- C. Lesjak, D. Hein, M. Hofmann, M. Maritsch, A. Aldrian, P. Priller, T. Ebner, T. Ruprechter, and G. Pregartner. 2015. Securing smart maintenance services: Hardware-security and TLS for MQTT. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN’15). 1243--1250.Google Scholar
- A. Corsaro. 2014. The Data Distribution Service Tutorial.Google Scholar
- G. Farabaugh, G. Pardo-Castellote, and R. Warren. 2005. An introduction to DDS and data-centric communications. Real-Time Innovations.August (2005).Google Scholar
- Gustavo B. Baptista, Felipe Carvalho, Sergio Colcher, and Markus Endler. 2001. A middleware for data-centric and dynamic distributed complex event processing for IoT real-time analytics in the cloud.Google Scholar
- J. Yang, K. Sandström, T. Nolte, and M. Behnam. 2012. Data distribution service for industrial automation. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies Factory Automation (ETFA’12). 1--8.Google Scholar
- M. Hamilton, H. Choi, S. Rhee, G. Subramanian, Y. Dai, E. Sin, S. Sonck Thiebaut, G. Pardo-Castellote, and A. Bose. 2002. Real-Time Publish Subscribe (RTPS) Wire Protocol Specification. RFC. RFC Editor.Google Scholar
- J. F. Inglés-Romero, A. Romero-Garcés, C. Vicente-Chicote, and J. Martínez. 2017. A model-driven approach to enable adaptive QoS in DDS-Based middleware. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence 1, 3 (June 2017), 176--187.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Inc Twin Oaks Computing. 2011. What can DDS do for You? (2011). Retrieved January 3, 2018 from https://www.omg.org/hot-topics/documents/dds/CoreDX_DDS_Why_Use_DDS.pdf/.Google Scholar
- S. Pradhan, W. Emfinger, A. Dubey, W. R. Otte, D. Balasubramanian, A. Gokhale, G. Karsai, and A. Coglio. 2014. Establishing secure interactions across distributed applications in satellite clusters. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology. 67--74. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Object Management Group (OMG). 2017. OpenDDS Developer’s Guide.Google Scholar
- J. L. Fernandes, I. C. Lopes, J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, and S. Ullah. 2013. Performance evaluation of RESTful web services and AMQP protocol. In Proceedings of the 2013 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN’13). 810--815.Google Scholar
- E. C. M. van der Linden, Jonas Wallgren, and Peter Jonsson. 2017. A latency comparison of IoT protocols in MES.Google Scholar
- A. Hornsby and R. Walsh. 2010. From instant messaging to cloud computing, an XMPP review. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE’). 1--6.Google Scholar
- D. Conzon, T. Bolognesi, P. Brizzi, A. Lotito, R. Tomasi, and M. A. Spirito. 2012. The VIRTUS middleware: An XMPP based architecture for secure IoT communications. In Proceedings of the 2012 21st International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN’12). 1--6.Google Scholar
- D. Schuster, P. Grubitzsch, D. Renzel, I. Koren, R. Klauck, and M. Kirsche. 2014. Global-scale federated access to smart objects using XMPP. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings), and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom). 185--192. Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Che and S. Maag. 2013. A passive testing approach for protocols in internet of things. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing. 678--684. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Hornsby and E. Bail. 2009. μXMPP: Lightweight implementation for low power operating system Contiki. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications Workshops. 1--5.Google Scholar
- H. Wang, D. Xiong, P. Wang, and Y. Liu. 2017. A lightweight XMPP publish/subscribe scheme for resource-constrained IoT devices. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 16393--16405.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Istabraq M. Al-Joboury and Emad H. Al-Hemiary. 2018. Performance analysis of internet of things protocols based fog/cloud over high traffic. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 10, 6S (2018), 176--181. http://www.jfas.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/4236.Google Scholar
- J. Joshi, V. Rajapriya, S. R. Rahul, P. Kumar, S. Polepally, R. Samineni, and D. G. K. Tej. 2017. Performance enhancement and IoT based monitoring for smart home. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN). 468--473.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Thangavel, X. Ma, A. Valera, H. X. Tan, and C. K. Y. Tan. 2014. Performance evaluation of MQTT and CoAP via a common middleware. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP’14). 1--6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- N. De Caro, W. Colitti, K. Steenhaut, G. Mangino, and G. Reali. 2013. Comparison of two lightweight protocols for smartphone-based sensing. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 20th Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux (SCVT’13). 1--6.Google Scholar
- S. Mijovic, E. Shehu, and C. Buratti. 2016. Comparing application layer protocols for the internet of things via experimentation. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a Better Tomorrow (RTSI’16). 1--5.Google Scholar
- M. Iglesias-Urkia, A. Orive, M. Barcelo, A. Moran, J. Bilbao, and A. Urbieta. 2017. Towards a lightweight protocol for industry 4.0: An implementation based benchmark. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Workshop of Electronics, Control, Measurement, Signals and their Application to Mechatronics (ECMSM’17). 1--6.Google Scholar
- T. Dimčić, S. Krčo, and N. Gligorić. 2012. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) implementation in M2M environmental monitoring system. E-society Journal (2012), 229--234.Google Scholar
- M. Saleh, M. A. Abdou, and M. Aboulhassan. 2016. Assessing the use of IP network management protocols in smart grids. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA’16). 1--6.Google Scholar
- W. Gao, J. H. Nguyen, W. Yu, C. Lu, D. T. Ku, and W. G. Hatcher. 2017. Toward emulation-based performance assessment of constrained application protocol in dynamic networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4, 5 (Oct. 2017), 1597--1610.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Y. Chen and T. Kunz. 2016. Performance evaluation of IoT protocols under a constrained wireless access network. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile Wireless Networking (MoWNeT’16). 1--7.Google Scholar
- Laila Daniel, Markku Kojo, and Mikael Latvala. 2014. Experimental evaluation of the CoAP, HTTP and SPDY transport services for internet of things. In Internet and Distributed Computing Systems, Giancarlo Fortino, Giuseppe Di Fatta, Wenfeng Li, Sergio Ochoa, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, and Mukaddim Pathan (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 111--123.Google Scholar
- Diego Londoño and Sandra Céspedes. 2016. Performance evaluation of CoAP and HTTP/2 in web applications. CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1727 (2016), 25--27.Google Scholar
- U. Tandale, B. Momin, and D. P. Seetharam. 2017. An empirical study of application layer protocols for IoT. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS’17). 2447--2451.Google Scholar
- S. Bandyopadhyay and A. Bhattacharyya. 2013. Lightweight internet protocols for web enablement of sensors using constrained gateway devices. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC’13). 334--340. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Thota and Y. Kim. 2016. Implementation and comparison of M2M protocols for internet of things. In Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Applied Computing and Information Technology/3rd International Conference on Computational Science/Intelligence and Applied Informatics/1st International Conference on Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Science Engineering (ACIT-CSII-BCD’16). 43--48.Google Scholar
- W. Colitti, K. Steenhaut, N. De Caro, B. Buta, and V. Dobrota. 2011. Evaluation of constrained application protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2011 18th IEEE Workshop on Local Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN’11). 1--6.Google Scholar
- J. E. Luzuriaga, M. Perez, P. Boronat, J. C. Cano, C. Calafate, and P. Manzoni. 2015. A comparative evaluation of AMQP and MQTT protocols over unstable and mobile networks. In Proceedings of the 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC’15). 931--936.Google Scholar
- Qi Jing, Athanasios Vasilakos, Jiafu Wan, Jingwei Lu, and Dechao Qiu. 2014. Security of the internet of things: Perspectives and challenges. Wireless Networks 20, 8 (Nov. 2014), 2481--2501. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. T. Tiburski, L. A. Amaral, E. D. Matos, and F. Hessel. 2015. The importance of a standard security architecture for SOA-based IOT middleware. IEEE Communications Magazine 53, 12 (Dec. 2015), 20--26.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paul Fremantle and Philip Scott. 2015. A security survey of middleware for the internet of things.Google Scholar
- D. Dragomir, L. Gheorghe, S. Costea, and A. Radovici. 2016. A survey on secure communication protocols for IoT systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things (SIoT’16). 47--62.Google Scholar
- N. J. Al Fardan and K. G. Paterson. 2013. Lucky thirteen: Breaking the TLS and DTLS record protocols. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 526--540. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. T. Tiburski, L. A. Amaral, E. de Matos, D. F. G. de Azevedo, and F. Hessel. 2017. Evaluating the use of TLS and DTLS protocols in IoT middleware systems applied to E-health. In Proceedings of the 2017 14th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC’17). 480--485.Google Scholar
- Eclipse IoT Working Group, IEEE IoT, and AGILE IoT. 2016. IoT developer survey. (2016), 1--39. Retrieved December 22, 2017.Google Scholar
- Francisco Carpio, Admela Jukan, Ana Isabel Martín Sanchez, Nina Amla, and Nicole Kemper. 2017. Beyond production indicators: A novel smart farming application and system for animal welfare. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI’17). ACM, New York, Article 7, 11 pages. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Spring Project. Building a RESTful Web Service. ({n.d.}). https://spring.io/guides/gs/rest-service/.Google Scholar
- G. Peralta, M. Iglesias-Urkia, M. Barcelo, R. Gomez, A. Moran, and J. Bilbao. 2017. Fog computing based efficient IoT scheme for the Industry 4.0. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Workshop of Electronics, Control, Measurement, Signals and their Application to Mechatronics (ECMSM’17). 1--6.Google Scholar
- P. Desai, A. Sheth, and P. Anantharam. 2015. Semantic gateway as a service architecture for IoT interoperability. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Services. 313--319. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Lerche, N. Laum, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann, and C. Niedermeier. 2012. Connecting the web with the web of things: Lessons learned from implementing a CoAP-HTTP proxy. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS’12), Las Vegas. 1--8.Google Scholar
- A. Rahman, T. Fossati, A. Castellani, S. Loreto, and E. Dijk. 2015. Guidelines for HTTP-CoAP Mapping Implementations. RFC. RFC Editor. 1--32 pages.Google Scholar
- F. Van den Abeele, E. Dalipi, I. Moerman, P. Demeester, and J. Hoebeke. 2016. Improving user interactions with constrained devices in the web of things. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 3rd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT’16). 153--158.Google Scholar
- J. Esquiagola, L. Costa, P. Calcina, and M. Zuffo. 2017. Enabling CoAP into the swarm: A transparent interception CoAP-HTTP proxy for the internet of things. In Proceedings of the 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS’17). 1--6.Google Scholar
- A. B. Sulaeman, F. A. Ekadiyanto, and R. F. Sari. 2016. Performance evaluation of HTTP-CoAP proxy for wireless sensor and actuator networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob’16). 68--73.Google Scholar
- N. Le Sommer, L. Touseau, Y. Mahéo, M. Auzias, and F. Raimbault. 2016. A disruption-tolerant RESTful support for the web of things. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud’16). 17--24.Google Scholar
- A. P. Castellani, T. Fossati, and S. Loreto. 2012. HTTP-CoAP cross protocol proxy: An implementation viewpoint. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS’12), Las Vegas, NV. 1--6.Google Scholar
- M. Buschsieweke and M. Güneş. 2017. Authentication for the web of things: Secure end-to-end authentication between CoAP and HTTP. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’17). 1--5.Google Scholar
- M. Buschsieweke and M. Güneş. 2018. Authentication for the web of things - secure end-to-end authentication between CoAP and HTTP. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’17).Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration
Recommendations
A Pattern for Fog Computing
VikingPLoP '16: Proceedings of the 10th Travelling Conference on Pattern Languages of ProgramsFog Computing is a new variety of the cloud computing paradigm that brings virtualized cloud services to the edge of the network to control the devices in the IoT. We present a pattern for fog computing which describes its architecture, including its ...
From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing: Platforms for the Internet of Things (IoT)
This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key ...
All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: A complete survey
AbstractWith the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming part of our daily life and our environment, we expect rapid growth in the number of connected devices. IoT is expected to connect billions of devices and humans to bring promising advantages ...
Comments