Abstract
Power densities have been increasing rapidly at all levels of server systems. To counter the high temperatures resulting from these densities, systems researchers have recently started work on softwarebased thermal management. Unfortunately, research in this new area has been hindered by the limitations imposed by simulators and real measurements. In this paper, we introduce Mercury, a software suite that avoids these limitations by accurately emulating temperatures based on simple layout, hardware, and componentutilization data. Most importantly, Mercury runs the entire software stack natively, enables repeatable experiments, and allows the study of thermal emergencies without harming hardware reliability. We validate Mercury using real measurements and a widely used commercial simulator. We use Mercury to develop Freon, a system that manages thermal emergencies in a server cluster without unnecessary performance degradation. Mercury will soon become available from http://www.darklab.rutgers.edu.
- D. Anderson, J. Dykes, and E. Riedel. More than an Interface - SCSI vs. ATA. In Proceedings of FAST, March 2003.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Bellosa, S. Kellner, M.Waitz, and A.Weissel. Event-Driven Energy Accounting of Dynamic Thermal Management. In Proceedings of COLP, September 2003.]]Google Scholar
- D. Brooks and M. Martonosi. Dynamic Thermal Management for High-Performance Microprocessors. In Proceedings of HPCA, January 2001.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Chase, D. Anderson, P. Thackar, A. Vahdat, and R. Boyle. Managing Energy and Server Resources in Hosting Centers. In Proceedings of SOSP, October 2001.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Chen, A. Das, W. Qin, A. Sivasubramaniam, Q. Wang, and N. Gautam. Managing Server Energy and Operational Costs in Hosting Centers. In Proceedings of Sigmetrics, June 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- E.N. Elnozahy, M. Kistler, and R. Rajamony. Energy-Efficient Server Clusters. In Proceedings of PACS, February 2002.]]Google Scholar
- Ericsson Microelectronics. Reliability Aspects on Power Supplies. Technical Report Design Note 002, April 2000.]]Google Scholar
- W. Felter, K. Rajamani, T. Keller, and C. Rusu. A Performance-Conserving Approach for Reducing Peak Power Consumption in Server Systems. In Proceedings of ICS, June 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fluent. Fluent: The Right Answer in CFD. http://www.fluent.com/-index.htm.]]Google Scholar
- E. Gansner, E. Koutsofois, and S. North. Drawing Graphs with Dot. http://www.graphviz.org/Documentation/dotguide.pdf.]]Google Scholar
- S. Gurumurthi, A. Sivasubramaniam, M. Kandemir, and H. Franke. DRPM: Dynamic Speed Control for Power Management in Server Class Disks. In Proceedings of ISCA, June 2003.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Gurumurthi, A. Sivasubramaniam, and V. Natarajan. Disk Drive Roadmap from the Thermal Perspective: A Case for Dynamic Thermal Management. In Proceedings of ISCA, June 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Heath, A.P. Centeno, P. George, L. Ramos, Y. Jaluria, and R. Bianchini. Mercury and Freon: Temperature Emulation and Management for Server Systems. Technical Report DCS-TR-596, Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, January 2006, Revised July 2006.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Heath, B. Diniz, E.V. Carrera, W. Meira Jr., and R. Bianchini. Energy Conservation in Heterogeneous Server Clusters. In Proceedings of PPoPP, June 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Icoz and Y. Jaluria. Numerical Simulation of Boundary Conditions and the Onset of Instability in Natural Convection Due to Protruding Thermal Sources in an Open Rectangular Channel. Numerical Heat Transfer, 48:831--847, 2005.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Y. Kim, S. Gurumurthi, and A. Sivasubramaniam. Understanding the Performance-Temperature Interactions in Disk I/O of Server Workloads. In Proceedings of HPCA, February 2006.]]Google Scholar
- Y. Li, D. Brooks, Z. Hu, and K. Skadron. Performance, Energy, and Thermal Considerations for SMT and CMP Architectures. In Proceedings of HPCA, February 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Merkel and F. Bellosa. Balancing Power Consumption in Multiprocessor Systems. In Proceedings of Eurosys, April 2006.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Moore, J. Chase, and P. Ranganathan. ConSil: Low-Cost Thermal Mapping of Data Centers. In Proceedings of SysML, June 2006.]]Google Scholar
- J. Moore, J. Chase, and P. Ranganathan. Weatherman: Automated, Online, and Predictive Thermal Mapping and Management for Data Centers. In Proceedings of ICAC, June 2006.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Moore, J. Chase, P. Ranganathan, and R. Sharma. Making Scheduling Cool: Temperature-Aware Resource Assignment in Data Centers. In Proceedings of USENIX, April 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Pinheiro, R. Bianchini, E. Carrera, and T. Heath. Dynamic Cluster Reconfiguration for Power and Performance. In L. Benini, M. Kandemir, and J. Ramanujam, editors, Compilers and Operating Systems for Low Power. Kluwer Academic Publishers, August 2003. Earlier version published in Proceedings of COLP 2001, September 2001.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Powell, M. Gomaa, and T.N. Vijaykumar. Heat-and-Run: Leveraging SMT and CMP to Manage Power Density Through the Operating System. In Proceedings of ASPLOS, October 2004.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- F.K. Price. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Data Books. Genium Publishing Corp., 1990.]]Google Scholar
- K. Rajamani and C. Lefurgy. On Evaluating Request-Distribution Schemes for Saving Energy in Server Clusters. In Proceedings of ISPASS, March 2003.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Rohou and M.D. Smith. Dynamically Managing Processor Temperature and Power. In Proceedings of FDO, November 1999.]]Google Scholar
- C. Rusu, A. Ferreira, C. Scordino, A. Watson, R. Melhem, and D. Mosse. Energy-Efficient Real-Time Heterogeneous Server Clusters. In Proceedings of RTAS, April 2006.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Shang, L.-S. Peh, A. Kumar, and N. Jha. Characterization and Management of On-Chip Networks. In Proceedings of Micro, December 2004.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Sharma, C. Bash, C. Patel, R. Friedrich, and J. Chase. Balance of Power: Dynamic Thermal Management for Internet Data Centers. IEEE Internet Computing, 9(1), January 2005.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Skadron, M. Stan, W. Huang, S. Velusamy, K. Sankaranarayanan, and D. Tarjan. Temperature-Aware Microarchitecture. In Proceedings of ISCA, June 2003.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Srinivasan, S. Adve, P. Bose, and J. Rivers. The Case for Lifetime Reliability-Aware Microprocessors. In Proceedings of ISCA, June 2004.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Weissel and F. Bellosa. Dynamic Thermal Management for Distributed Systems. In Proceedings of TACS, June 2004.]]Google Scholar
- W. Zhang. Linux Virtual Server for Scalable Network Services. In Proceedings of the Linux Symposium, July 2000.]]Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
Recommendations
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
ASPLOS XII: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systemsPower densities have been increasing rapidly at all levels of server systems. To counter the high temperatures resulting from these densities, systems researchers have recently started work on softwarebased thermal management. Unfortunately, research in ...
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
Proceedings of the 2006 ASPLOS ConferencePower densities have been increasing rapidly at all levels of server systems. To counter the high temperatures resulting from these densities, systems researchers have recently started work on softwarebased thermal management. Unfortunately, research in ...
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
Proceedings of the 2006 ASPLOS ConferencePower densities have been increasing rapidly at all levels of server systems. To counter the high temperatures resulting from these densities, systems researchers have recently started work on softwarebased thermal management. Unfortunately, research in ...
Comments