Abstract
Seamless cloning of a source image patch into a target image is an important and useful image editing operation, which has received considerable research attention in recent years. This operation is typically carried out by solving a Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, which smoothly interpolates the discrepancies between the boundary of the source patch and the target across the entire cloned area. In this paper we introduce an alternative, coordinate-based approach, where rather than solving a large linear system to perform the aforementioned interpolation, the value of the interpolant at each interior pixel is given by a weighted combination of values along the boundary. More specifically, our approach is based on Mean-Value Coordinates (MVC). The use of coordinates is advantageous in terms of speed, ease of implementation, small memory footprint, and parallelizability, enabling real-time cloning of large regions, and interactive cloning of video streams. We demonstrate a number of applications and extensions of the coordinate-based framework.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
The auxiliary material for this paper consists of two movie files: 1. a supplemental video (an integral part of the paper) 2. additional examples of real-time seamless video cloning
- Agarwala, A., Dontcheva, M., Agrawala, M., Drucker, S., Colburn, A., Curless, B., Salesin, D., and Cohen, M. 2004. Interactive digital photomontage. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 294--302. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agarwala, A. 2007. Efficient gradient-domain compositing using quadtrees. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 94. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bolz, J., Farmer, I., Grinspun, E., and Schröder, P. 2003. Sparse matrix solvers on the GPU: conjugate gradients and multigrid. ACM Trans. Graph. 22, 3, 917--924. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carrier, J., Greengard, L., and Rokhlin, V. 1988. A fast adaptive multipole algorithm for particle simulations. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 9, 669--686.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cgal, 2007. Computational Geometry Algorithms Library. http://www.cgal.org.Google Scholar
- Fattal, R., Lischinski, D., and Werman, M. 2002. Gradient domain high dynamic range compression. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 249--256. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Finlayson, G. D., Hordley, S. D., and Drew, M. S. 2002. Removing shadows from images. In Proc. ECCV, Springer-Verlag, London, UK, vol. IV, 823--836. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Floater, M. S., Kós, G., and Reimers, M. 2005. Mean value coordinates in 3d. Comput. Aided Geom. Des. 22, 7, 623--631. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Floater, M. S. 2003. Mean value coordinates. Comput. Aided Geom. Des. 20, 1, 19--27. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Georgiev, T. 2004. Photoshop healing brush: a tool for seamless cloning. In Workshop on Applications of Computer Vission (ECCV 2004), 1--8.Google Scholar
- Hanrahan, P., Salzman, D., and Aupperle, L. 1991. A rapid hierarchical radiosity algorithm. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '91 Proceedings) 25, 4 (July), 197--206. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hormann, K., and Floater, M. S. 2006. Mean value coordinates for arbitrary planar polygons. ACM Transactions on Graphics 25, 4, 1424--1441. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jia, J., Sun, J., Tang, C.-K., and Shum, H.-Y. 2006. Drag-and-drop pasting. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 3 (July), 631--637. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joshi, P., Meyer, M., DeRose, T., Green, B., and Sanocki, T. 2007. Harmonic coordinates for character articulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 71. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ju, T., Schaefer, S., and Warren, J. 2005. Mean value coordinates for closed triangular meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 561--566. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kazhdan, M. M., and Hoppe, H. 2008. Streaming multigrid for gradient-domain operations on large images. ACM Trans. Graph 27, 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Land, E. H., and McCann, J. J. 1971. Lightness and Retinex Theory. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 61 (Jan.), 1--11.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Langer, T., and Seidel, H.-P. 2008. Higher order barycentric coordinates. Computer Graphics Forum (Eurographics 2008) 27, 2, 459--466.Google Scholar
- Levin, A., Zomet, A., Peleg, S., and Weiss, Y. 2004. Seamless image stitching in the gradient domain. In Proc. ECCV, Springer-Verlag, vol. IV, 377--389.Google Scholar
- Levin, A., Lischinski, D., and Weiss, Y. 2008. A closed-form solution to natural image matting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30, 2, 228--242. Google ScholarDigital Library
- McCann, J., and Pollard, N. S. 2008. Real-time gradient-domain painting. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2008) 27, 3 (Aug.). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Palmer, S. E. 1999. Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology. The MIT Press, May.Google Scholar
- Pérez, P., Gangnet, M., and Blake, A. 2003. Poisson image editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 22, 3, 313--318. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sun, J., Jia, J., Tang, C.-K., and Shum, H.-Y. 2004. Poisson matting. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 315--321. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Szeliski, R. 2006. Locally adapted hierarchical basis preconditioning. ACM Trans. Graph 25, 3, 1135--1143. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wachpress, E. L. 1975. A Rational Finite Element Basis. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
- Wang, J., and Cohen, M. F. 2007. Optimized color sampling for robust matting. In Proc. CVPR, 1--8.Google Scholar
- Wang, H., Raskar, R., and Ahuja, N. 2004. Seamless video editing. In Proc. ICPR '04, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, vol. 3, 858--861. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Warren, J. 1996. Barycentric coordinates for convex polytopes. Advances in Computational Mathematics 6, 2, 97--108.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Weiss, Y. 2001. Deriving intrinsic images from image sequences. In Proc. ICCV, 68--75.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Coordinates for instant image cloning
Recommendations
Poisson image editing
SIGGRAPH '03: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 PapersUsing generic interpolation machinery based on solving Poisson equations, a variety of novel tools are introduced for seamless editing of image regions. The first set of tools permits the seamless importation of both opaque and transparent source image ...
Poisson image editing
Using generic interpolation machinery based on solving Poisson equations, a variety of novel tools are introduced for seamless editing of image regions. The first set of tools permits the seamless importation of both opaque and transparent source image ...
Coordinates for instant image cloning
SIGGRAPH '09: ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papersSeamless cloning of a source image patch into a target image is an important and useful image editing operation, which has received considerable research attention in recent years. This operation is typically carried out by solving a Poisson equation ...
Comments