Manish Marwah
Ratnesh Sharma
Abstract
Data center availability is critical considering the explosive growth in Internet services and people's dependence on them. Furthermore, in recent years, sustainability has become important. However, data center designers have little information on the sustainability impact of data center availability architectures. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the sustainability impact of such architectures. Availability is computed using Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) models while an exergy-based lifecycle assessment (LCA) approach is used for quantifying sustainability impact. The approach is demonstrated on real life data center power infrastructure architectures. Five different architectures are considered and initial results show that quantification of sustainability impact provides important information to a data center designer in evaluating availability architecture choices.
- M. Armbrust, et al., "Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing", U.C. Berkeley White Paper, Feb. 2009.Google Scholar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Report to congress on server and datacenter energy efficiency," Public Law 109--431, 2007.Google Scholar
- D. A. Patterson, "A Simple Way to Estimate the Cost of Downtime," LISA 2002, pp 185--188. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Balbo, "Introduction to Stochastic Petri Net," Lectures on Formal Methods and Performance Analysis. First EEF/Euro Summer School on Trends in Computer Science, Bergen Dal, The Netherlands, July 3-7, 2000: Revised Lectures, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Baumann, A.-M. Tillman, The Hitch Hiker's Guide to LCA, Studentlitteratur AB, Sweden, 2004.Google Scholar
- D.J. Lettieri, et al., "Lifetime Exergy Consumption as a Sustainability Metric for Information Technologies, " IEEE Intl. Symp. Sus. Sys. Tech. (ISSST), Phoenix, AZ, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO), "ISO 14064: Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment -- Principles and Framework," Technical Document, 2006.Google Scholar
- T.E. Graedel, Streamlined Life-Cycle Assessment, Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 1998.Google Scholar
- C.T. Hendrickson, et al., Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach, Resources for the Future: Washington DC, 2006.Google Scholar
- A. Shah, et al., "The Environmental Impact of Data Centers," ASME InterPACK, San Francisco, CA, 2009.Google Scholar
- A. Shah, C. Patel, "Designing Environmentally Sustainable Cooling Solutions using Exergo-Thermo-Volumes," Int. J. Energy Res., 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- V. Avelar, "Comparing Availability of Various Rack Power Redundancy Configurations," APC White Paper #48, 2003.Google Scholar
- W. P. Turner IV, J. H. Seader, and K. G. Brill. "Tier classifications define site infrastructure performance," White Paper, The Uptime Institute, 2006.Google Scholar
- X. Fan, W. Weber, and L.A. Barroso, "Power provisioning for a warehousesized computer," Proc. 34th Annual Int. Symp. Comp. Arch. (ISCA), San Diego, CA, June 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. A. Barroso, J. Dean, and U. Holzle, "Web search for a planet: The google cluster architecture," IEEE Micro, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 22--28, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Al-Fares, A. Loukissas, A. Vahdat, "A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture," SIGCOMM 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE Gold Book 473, IEEE Gold Book 473, Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power SystemsGoogle Scholar
- C. Ramchandani, "Analysis of Asynchronous Concurrent Systems by Timed Petri Nets," PhD thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1974Google Scholar
- G. Florin, S. Natkin. "Matrix Product Form Solution for Closed Synchronized Queueing Networks." Proc. 3rd Intl. Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, pp. 29--39, 1989. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. K. Molloy, "On the Integration of Delay and Throughput Measures in Distributed Processing Models," PhD thesis, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 1981. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Trivedi, Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications, John Wiley and Sons, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Ajmone Marsan, G. Balbo, G. Conte, S. Donatelli and G. Franceschinis. Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. Wiley Series in Parallel Computing John Wiley and Sons, 1995.Google Scholar
- A. Shah, M. Meckler, "An Exergy-Based Framework for Assessing Sustainability of IT Systems," Proc. ASME Energy Sustainability Conference (ES2009), San Francisco, CA {in press}, 2009.Google Scholar
- A. Shah, C. Patel, V. Carey, "Exergy-Based Metrics for Sustainable Design," Proc. 4th Intl. Exergy, Energy, and Environment Symp. (IEEES-4), Sharjah, UAE, 2009.Google Scholar
- C.E. Bash, C.D. Patel, A.J. Shah, R.K. Sharma, "The Sustainable Information Technology Ecosystem." In Proceedings of the 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm'08), May 2008.Google Scholar
- C.L. Belady. In the data center, power and cooling costs more than the IT equipment it supports. Electronics Cooling, 13(1), Feb 2007.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Quantifying the sustainability impact of data center availability
Recommendations
Power availability provisioning in large data centers
CF '14: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Computing FrontiersEnterprise data centers are provisioned with conservative redundancies built into their power infrastructures to handle failures. Conservative over-provisioning of power capacity for availability reasons results in significant capital investment for ...
A model-based strategy for quantifying the impact of availability on the energy flow of data centers
AbstractThe demand for higher computing power increases and, as a result, also leads to an increased demand for services hosted in cloud computing environments. It is known, for example, that in 2018 more than 4 billion people made daily access to these ...
Estimating sustainability impact of high dependable data centers: a comparative study between Brazilian and US energy mixes
The advent of services such as cloud computing, social networks and e-commerce has led to an increased demand for computer resources from data centers. Prominent issues for data center designers are sustainability, cost, and dependability, which are ...
Comments