skip to main content
research-article

Structure-preserving image smoothing via region covariances

Published:01 November 2013Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of new image smoothing techniques which have provided new insights and raised new questions about the nature of this well-studied problem. Specifically, these models separate a given image into its structure and texture layers by utilizing non-gradient based definitions for edges or special measures that distinguish edges from oscillations. In this study, we propose an alternative yet simple image smoothing approach which depends on covariance matrices of simple image features, aka the region covariances. The use of second order statistics as a patch descriptor allows us to implicitly capture local structure and texture information and makes our approach particularly effective for structure extraction from texture. Our experimental results have shown that the proposed approach leads to better image decompositions as compared to the state-of-the-art methods and preserves prominent edges and shading well. Moreover, we also demonstrate the applicability of our approach on some image editing and manipulation tasks such as image abstraction, texture and detail enhancement, image composition, inverse halftoning and seam carving.

References

  1. Aujol, J.-F., Gilboa, G., Chan, T., and Osher, S. 2006. Structure-texture image decomposition--modeling, algorithms, and parameter selection. Int. J. Comput. Vision 67, 1, 111--136. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Avidan, S., and Shamir, A. 2007. Seam carving for content-aware image resizing. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Baek, J., and Jacobs, D. E. 2010. Accelerating spatially varying gaussian filters. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Buades, A., Coll, B., and Morel, J.-M. 2005. A non-local algorithm for image denoising. In CVPR, vol. 2, 60--65. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Buades, A., Le, T. M., Morel, J.-M., and Vese, L. A. 2010. Fast cartoon + texture image filters. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19, 8, 1978--1986. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Burt, P. J., and Adelson, E. H. 1983. The laplacian pyramid as a compact image code. IEEE Trans. Commun. 31, 4, 532--540.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Cherian, A., Sra, S., Banerjee, A., and Papanikolopoulos, N. 2011. Efficient similarity search for covariance matrices via the Jensen-Bregman LogDet divergence. In ICCV, 2399--2406. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Criminisi, A., Sharp, T., Rother, C., and Pérez, P. 2010. Geodesic image and video editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 5. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Dowson, N., and Salvado, O. 2011. Hashed nonlocal means for rapid image filtering. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 33, 3, 485--499. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Durand, F., and Dorsey, J. 2002. Fast bilateral filtering for the display of high-dynamic-range images. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 257--266. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Efros, A., and Leung, T. 1999. Texture synthesis by nonparametric sampling. In ICCV, 1033--1038. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Farbman, Z., Fattal, R., Lischinski, D., and Szeliski, R. 2008. Edge-preserving decompositions for multi-scale tone and detail manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Farbman, Z., Fattal, R., and Lischinski, D. 2010. Diffusion maps for edge-aware image editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Fattal, R., Agrawala, M., and Rusinkiewicz, S. 2007. Multiscale shape and detail enhancement from multi-light image collections. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Gilboa, G., Sochen, N., and Zeevi, Y. 2002. Regularized shock filters and complex diffusion. In ECCV, 399--313. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Hong, X., Chang, H., Shan, S., Chen, X., and Gao, W. 2009. Sigma set: A small second order statistical region descriptor. In CVPR, 1802--1809.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Kopf, J., and Lischinski, D. 2012. Digital reconstruction of halftoned color comics. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Marr, D. 1982. Vision. W. H. Freeman and Company.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Meyer, Y. 2001. Oscillating patterns in image processing and nonlinear evolution equations: the fifteenth Dean Jacqueline B. Lewis memorial lectures, vol. 22. Amer Mathematical Society. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Perona, P., and Malik, J. 1990. Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12, 629--639. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Rubinstein, M., Gutierrez, D., Sorkine, O., and Shamir, A. 2010. A comparative study of image retargeting. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Rudin, L., Osher, S., and Fatemi, E. 1992. Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms. Phys. D. 60, 259--268. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Subr, K., Soler, C., and Durand, F. 2009. Edge-preserving multiscale image decomposition based on local extrema. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 5. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Tomasi, C., and Manduchi, R. 1998. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. In ICCV, 839--846. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Tuzel, O., Porikli, F., and Meer, P. 2006. Region covariance: A fast descriptor for detection and classification. ECCV, 589--600. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Winnemöller, H., Olsen, S. C., and Gooch, B. 2006. Realtime video abstraction. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 3, 1221--1226. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Witkin, A. P. 1984. Scale-space filtering: A new approach to multi-scale description. In ICASSP, vol. 9, 150--153.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. Xu, L., Lu, C., Xu, Y., and Jia, J. 2011. Image smoothing via L0 gradient minimization. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Xu, L., Yan, Q., Xia, Y., and Jia, J. 2012. Structure extraction from texture via relative total variation. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Zontak, M., Mosseri, I., and Irani, M. 2013. Separating signal from noise using patch recurrence across scales. In CVPR. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Structure-preserving image smoothing via region covariances

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in

      Full Access

      • Published in

        cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
        ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 32, Issue 6
        November 2013
        671 pages
        ISSN:0730-0301
        EISSN:1557-7368
        DOI:10.1145/2508363
        Issue’s Table of Contents

        Copyright © 2013 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 1 November 2013
        Published in tog Volume 32, Issue 6

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader