ABSTRACT
HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is today the number one video technology for over-the-top video distribution. In HAS, video content is temporally divided into multiple segments and encoded at different quality levels. A client selects and retrieves per segment the most suited quality version to create a seamless playout. Despite the ability of HAS to deal with changing network conditions, HAS-based live streaming often suffers from freezes in the playout due to buffer under-run, low average quality, large camera-to-display delay, and large initial/channel-change delay. Recently, IETF has standardized HTTP/2, a new version of the HTTP protocol that provides new features for reducing the page load time in Web browsing. In this paper, we present ten novel HTTP/2-based methods to improve the quality of experience of HAS. Our main contribution is the design and evaluation of a push-based approach for live streaming in which super-short segments are pushed from server to client as soon as they become available. We show that with an RTT of 300 ms, this approach can reduce the average server-to-display delay by 90.1% and the average start-up delay by 40.1%.
- S. Akhshabi, L. Anantakrishnan, C. Dovrolis, and A. C. Begen. Server-Based Traffic Shaping for Stabilizing Oscillating Adaptive Streaming Players. In NOSSDAV, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Belshe, R. Peon, and M. Thomson. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2. Technical Report Internet-Draft, 2015.Google Scholar
- S. Benno, A. Beck, J. Esteban, L. Wu, and R. Miller. WiLo: A Rate Determination Algorithm for HAS Video in Wireless Networks and Low-Delay Applications. In Globecom Workshops, 2013.Google Scholar
- bitmovin. libdash. https://github.com/bitmovin/libdash/.Google Scholar
- G. Bjontegaard. Calculation of Average PSNR Differences between RD-Curves. In ITU-T SG16/Q.6, Doc. VCEG-M033, 2001.Google Scholar
- N. Bouten, M. Claeys, S. Latré, J. Famaey, W. Van Leekwijck, and F. De Turck. Deadline-Based Approach for Improving Delivery of SVC-Based HTTP Adaptive Streaming Content. In NOMS, 2014.Google Scholar
- N. Bouten, J. Famaey, S. Latré, R. Huysegems, B. Vleeschauwer, W. Leekwijck, and F. De Turck. QoE Optimization Through In-Network Quality Adaptation for HTTP Adaptive Streaming. In CNSM, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Cardaci, L. Caviglione, A. Gotta, and N. Tonellotto. Performance Evaluation of SPDY over High Latency Satellite Channels. Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Claeys, S. Latré, J. Famaey, T. Wu, W. Van Leekwijck, and F. De Turck. Design of a Q-Learning-Based Client Quality Selection Algorithm for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming. In AAMAS, 2013.Google Scholar
- Conviva. Viewer Experience Report 2014. 2014.Google Scholar
- F. Dobrian, V. Sekar, A. Awan, I. Stoica, D. Joseph, A. Ganjam, J. Zhan, and H. Zhang. Understanding the Impact of Video Quality on User Engagement. SIGCOMM, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Elkhatib, G. Tyson, and M. Welzl. Can SPDY Really Make the Web Faster? In IFIP, 2014.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Erman, V. Gopalakrishnan, R. Jana, and K. K. Ramakrishnan. Towards a SPDY'Ier Mobile Web? In CoNEXT, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Famaey, S. Latré, N. Bouten, W. Van de Meerssche, B. De Vleeschauwer, W. Van Leekwijck, and F. De Turck. On the Merits of SVC-based HTTP Adaptive Streaming. In IFIP, 2013.Google Scholar
- FCC. Measuring Broadband America. http://transition.fcc.gov/cgb/measuringbroadbandreport/allowbreak/2013/Measuring-Broadband-America-feb-2013.pdf, 2013.Google Scholar
- Google. SPDY: An Experimental Protocol for a Faster Web. Technical report, 2009.Google Scholar
- R. Huysegems, B. De Vleeschauwer, K. De Schepper, C. Hawinkel, T. Wu, K. Laevens, and W. Van Leekwijck. Session Reconstruction for HTTP Adaptive Streaming: Laying the Foundation for Network-Based QoE Monitoring. In IWQoS, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- IETF. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (httpbis). 2012.Google Scholar
- Igvita. High Performance Browser Networking. O'Reilly, 2014.Google Scholar
- iMinds. Virtual Wall. http://ilabt.iminds.be/iminds-virtualwall-overview/.Google Scholar
- T. Lohmar, T. Einarsson, P. Frojdh, F. Gabin, and M. Kampmann. Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming of Live Content. In WoWMoM, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. K. P. Mok, X. Luo, E. W. W. Chan, and R. K. C. Chang. QDASH: A QoE-aware DASH System. In MMsys, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Mueller, S. Lederer, C. Timmerer, and H. Hellwagner. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP/2.0. In ICME, 2013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Müller, S. Lederer, and C. Timmerer. An Evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments. In MoVid, 2012.Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Müller, D. Renzi, S. Lederer, S. Battista, and C. Timmerer. Using Scalable Video Coding for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Mobile Environments. In EUSIPCO, 2012.Google Scholar
- S. Petrangeli, M. Claeys, S. Latré, J. Famaey, and F. De Turck. A Multi-Agent Q-Learning-Based Framework for Achieving Fairness in HTTP Adaptive Streaming. In NOMS, 2014.Google Scholar
- S. Petrangeli, J. Famaey, M. Claeys, S. Latré, and F. De Turck. QoE-driven Rate Adaptation Heuristic for Fair Adaptive Video Streaming. ACM TOMM, 2015. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Sánchez de la Fuente, T. Schierl, C. Hellge, T. Wiegand, D. Hong, D. De Vleeschauwer, W. Van Leekwijck, and Y. Le Louédec. iDASH: Improved Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Using Scalable Video Coding. In MMSys, 2011.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Sánchez de la Fuente, T. Schierl, C. Hellge, T. Wiegand, D. Hong, D. De Vleeschauwer, W. Van Leekwijck, and Y. Le Louédec. Efficient HTTP-Based Streaming Using Scalable Video Coding. In MMSys, 2012.Google Scholar
- Sandvine. Global Internet Phenomena Report, 1H 2014. 2014.Google Scholar
- T. Stockhammer. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP: Standards and Design Principles. In ACM MM, 2011.Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Tavakoli, J. Gutierrez, and N. Garcia. Subjective Quality Study of Adaptive Streaming of Monoscopic and Stereoscopic Video. Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 2014.Google Scholar
- M. Team. MiniNet. http://mininet.org/.Google Scholar
- T. Tsujikawa. nghttp2. https://nghttp2.org/.Google Scholar
- Webtide. Jetty. https://webtide.com/.Google Scholar
- S. Wei and V. Swaminathan. Cost Effective Video Streaming Using Server Push over HTTP 2.0. In MMSP, 2014.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Wei and V. Swaminathan. Low Latency Live Video Streaming over HTTP 2.0. In NOSSDAV, 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- HTTP/2-Based Methods to Improve the Live Experience of Adaptive Streaming
Recommendations
Low Latency Live Video Streaming over HTTP 2.0
NOSSDAV '14: Proceedings of Network and Operating System Support on Digital Audio and Video WorkshopHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) has been widely adopted as a scalable and efficient protocol for streaming video content over the Internet. HTTP streaming clients receive a manifest file, download the referred video segments over HTTP, and play them ...
An HTTP/2 Push-Based Approach for Low-Latency Live Streaming with Super-Short Segments
Over the last years, streaming of multimedia content has become more prominent than ever. To meet increasing user requirements, the concept of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has recently been introduced. In HAS, video content is temporally divided into ...
Low Latency Live Video Streaming over HTTP 2.0
NOSSDAV '14: Proceedings of Network and Operating System Support on Digital Audio and Video WorkshopHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) has been widely adopted as a scalable and efficient protocol for streaming video content over the Internet. HTTP streaming clients receive a manifest file, download the referred video segments over HTTP, and play them ...
Comments