Mark S. Gordon
Peter M. Chen
ABSTRACT
Mobile devices have less computational power and poorer Internet connections than other computers. Computation offload, in which some portions of an application are migrated to a server, has been proposed as one way to remedy this deficiency. Yet, partition-based offload is challenging because it requires applications to accurately predict whether mobile or remote computation will be faster, and it requires that the computation be large enough to overcome the cost of shipping state to and from the server. Further, offload does not currently benefit network-intensive applications.
In this paper, we introduce Tango, a new method for using a remote server to accelerate mobile applications. Tango replicates the application and executes it on both the client and the server. Since either the client or the server execution may be faster during different phases of the application, Tango allows either replica to lead the execution. Tango attempts to reduces user-perceived application latency by predicting which replica will be faster and allowing it to lead execution and display output, leveraging the better network and computation resources of the server when the application can benefit from it. It uses techniques inspired by deterministic replay to keep the two replicas in sync, and it uses flip-flop replication to allow leadership to float between replicas. Tango currently works for several unmodified Android applications. In our results, two computation-heavy applications obtain up to 2-3x speedup, and five network applications obtain from 0 to 2.6x speedup.
- R. Balan, J. Flinn, M. Satyanarayanan, S. Sinnamohideen, and H.-I. Yang. The case for cyber foraging. In the 10th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, Saint-Emilion, France, September 2002. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- R. K. Balan, M. Satyanarayanan, S. Park, and T. Okoshi. Tactics-based remote execution for mobile computing. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, pages 273--286, San Francisco, CA, May 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. C. Bressoud and F. B. Schneider. Hypervisor-based fault tolerance. ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, 14(1):80--107, February 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Chong, J. Liu, A. C. Myers, X. Qi, K. Vikram, L. Zheng, and X. Zheng. Secure web applications via automatic partitioning. In Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Operating System Principles (SOSP), October 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Chow, T. Garfinkel, and P. M. Chen. Decoupling dynamic program analysis from execution in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 2008 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pages 1--14, June 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B.-G. Chun, S. Ihm, P. Maniatis, M. Naik, and A. Patti. CloneCloud: Elastic execution between mobile device and cloud. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM European Conference on Computer Systems, Salzburg, Austria, April 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Cuervo, A. Balasubramanian, D. ki Cho, A. Wolman, S. Saroiu, R. Chandra, and P. Bahl. MAUI: Making smartphones last longer with code offload. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, pages 49--62, San Francisco, CA, June 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- CyanogenMod Community. CyanogenMod - Android community operating system. http://www.cyanogenmod.com/.Google Scholar
- D. Devecsery, M. Chow, X. Dou, J. Flinn, and P. M. Chen. Eidetic systems. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), Broomfield, CO, October 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. W. Dunlap, S. T. King, S. Cinar, M. A. Basrai, and P. M. Chen. ReVirt: Enabling intrusion analysis through virtual-machine logging and replay. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pages 211--224, Boston, MA, December 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. N. Elnozahy, L. Alvisi, Y.-M. Wang, and D. B. Johnson. A survey of rollback-recovery protocols in message-passing systems. ACM Computing Surveys, 34(3):375--408, September 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. I. Feldman and C. B. Brown. Igor: a system for program debugging via reversible execution. In PADD ?88: Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGPLAN and SIGOPS workshop on Parallel and distributed debugging, pages 112--123, 1988. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Flinn. Cyber Foraging: Bridging Mobile and Cloud Computing. Morgan and Claypool Publishers, September 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Flinn and Z. M. Mao. Can deterministic replay be an enabling tool for mobile computing? In Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile), March 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Flinn, S. Park, and M. Satyanarayanan. Balancing Performance, Energy, and Quality in Pervasive Computing. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on. Distributed Computing Systems, Vienna, Austria, July 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. S. Gordon, D. A. Jamshidi, S. Mahlke, Z. M. Mao, and X. Chen. Comet: Code offload by migrating execution transparently. In Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. D. Higgins, K. Lee, J. Flinn, T. J. Giuli, B. Noble, and C. Peplin. The future is cloudy: Reflecting prediction error in mobile applications. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications, and Services, Austin, TX, November 2014.Google ScholarCross Ref
- G. C. Hunt and M. L. Scott. The Coign automatic distributed partitioning system. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pages 187--200, New Orleans, LA, February 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- The Linux Foundation, http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/netem.netem.Google Scholar
- M. Olszewski, J. Ansel, and S. Amarasinghe. Kendo: efficient deterministic multithreading in software. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 97--108, March 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Portokalidis, P. Homburg, K. Anagnostakis, and H. Bos. Paranoid android: Versatile protection for smartphones. In Proceedings of the Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, December 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M.-R. Ra, A. Sheth, L. Mummert, P. Pillai, D. Wetherall, and R. Govidan. Odessa: Enabling interactive perception applications on mobile devices. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, Washington, DC, June 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Srinivasan, C. Andrews, S. Kandula, and Y. Zhou. Flashback: A light-weight extension for rollback and deterministic replay for software debugging. In Proceedings of the 2004 USENIX Technical Conference, pages 29--44, Boston, MA, June 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y.-Y. Su and J. Flinn. Slingshot: Deploying stateful services in wireless hotspots. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, pages 79--92, Seattle, WA, June 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Xu, V. Malyugin, J. Sheldon, G. Venkitachalam, and B. Weissman. Retrace: Collecting execution trace with virtual machine deterministic replay. In Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Modeling, Benchmarking and Simulation (MoBS), June 2007.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Accelerating Mobile Applications through Flip-Flop Replication
Recommendations
Social Media in Accelerating Mobile Apps
Mobile application stores have become very popular, and the two most popular, Google Play and Apple App Store, both have over a million applications apps available. Social media is extensively used for marketing products and services; but, its true ...
Optimistic transactional active replication
ICUIMC '08: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communicationCritical database applications require 2-safe replication between at least two sites for disaster-tolerant services. At the same time, they must provide consistent and low-latency results to their clients in normal cases. In this paper, we propose ...
Comments