ABSTRACT
Industry 4.0 is a coordinated push for automation in Smart Factories and other Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The increasing complexity of frequently changing production environments challenges shop floor workers to perform well. The tasks they work on are getting less routine and ask for continuous knowledge and skills development. For example, the skills portfolio of workers likely requires improved higher-order thinking and decision-making skills. A wide range of research and development efforts already today sets focus on different areas of workplace learning, including performance appraisals, pedagogy and education, technology, and business economics. Bridging the skills gap, however, requires novel user-facing technologies -- such as Augmented Reality (AR) and wearables -- for human performance augmentation to improve efficiency and effectiveness of staff delivered through live guidance. AR branches out beyond mobile apps with 3D-object superimposition for marketing purposes to rather complex use cases delivered by a rapidly growing innovation ecosystem of hard- and software providers collaborating closely with R&D organisations. This paper provides a first shared vision on how AR can tackle four different challenges related to handling complexity in a CPS environment: develop intelligent assistance systems for learning and performance assessment at the workplace, adapt job profiles accordingly, and last but not least to address also the issue of work-life balance. The paper concludes with an outline of a research roadmap.
- European Commision. Digitising European Industry - Reaping the full benefits of a Digital Single Market. In Series of Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (COM), 180, 2016.Google Scholar
- Arntz, M., Gregory, T. and Zierahn, U. The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries. OECDSEM Working Papers, 189, 2016.Google Scholar
- Windberg Baarup, A., Breunig, M., Dufour, M., Gehrig, J., Geldmacher, F., Heberger, M. and Repenning, J. Industry 4.0: How to navigate digitization of the manufacturing sector. McKinsey Digital, 2015.Google Scholar
- CIPD. One in four jobs go unfilled due to skills shortage. CIPD, 2016.Google Scholar
- UKCESS. The UK Commission's Employer Skills Survey 2015. UKCESS, 2016.Google Scholar
- Spöttl, G., Gorldt, C., Windelband, L., Grantz, T. and Richter, T. Industrie 4.0 -Auswirkungen auf Aus- und Weiterbildung in der M+E Industrie. bayme/vmb, 2016.Google Scholar
- WEF. The Global Competitiveness Report: 2016--2017. WEF, 2016.Google Scholar
- European Commision. A New Skills Agenda for Europe. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (COM), 381, 2016.Google Scholar
- Hermann, H., Pentek, T. and Otto, B. Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios. TU Dortmund, 2015.Google Scholar
- BMBF. Industry 4.0 - Innovation für die Produktion von morgen. BMBF: 2015.Google Scholar
- Lorenz, M., Rüßmann, M., Strack, R., Lasse Lueth, K. and Bolle, M. Man and machine in Industry 4.0, BCG perspectives, 2015.Google Scholar
- Perey, C., Wild, F., Helin, K., Janak, M., Davies, P. and Ryan, P. Proc. of Workshop Advanced Manufacturing with Augmented Reality (in conjunction with IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - ISMAR2014). In: Proceedings of the Proc. of 1st AMAR Workshop, Munich, Germany, Sept. 10-12, 2014.Google Scholar
- Aehnelt, M., Pammer-Schindler, V., Klamma, R. and Veas, E. E. Proc. of Workshop Human Computer Interaction Perspectives on Industry 4.0 (at I-KNOW 2016), Graz, Austria, October 18-19, 2016.Google Scholar
- BMWi. Zukunft der Arbeit in Industrie 4.0. BMWi, 2014.Google Scholar
- Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P. and Marrs, A. Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. McKinsey Global Institute, 2013.Google Scholar
- Frey, C. B. and Osborne, M. A. The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? University of Oxford, 2013.Google Scholar
- Baxter, G., Rooksby, J., Wang, Y. and Khajeh-Hosseini, A. The ironies of automation... still going strong at 30? In: Proceedings of the ECCE 2012, Edinburgh, August 29-31, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- European Commission. Innovation in Digital Manufacturing: Report from the Workshop on Innovation in Digital Manufacturing. EC & EFFRA, 2015.Google Scholar
- Rüßmann, M., Lorenz, M., Gerbert, P., Waldner, M., Justus, J., Engel, P. and Harnisch, M. Industry 4.0: The Future of Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industries. BCG, 2015.Google Scholar
- Letmathe, P. and Schinner, M. Competence Management in the Age of Cyber Physical Systems. Springer, 2015.Google Scholar
- Bäck, C. and Hirsch, J. Thought Piece on the Future of Manufacturing Know-How in the Automotive Industry - Case 21. WEF: Manufacturing our Future, 2016.Google Scholar
- Pesch, A. Zukunftsbild 'Industrie 4.0'. BMBF, 2014.Google Scholar
- Bowles, J. The computerisation of European jobs. Blog post, Bruegel, 2014.Google Scholar
- Dispan, J. and Schwarz-Kocher, M. Maschinen- und Anlagenbau in Deutschland. Informationsdienst IMU Institut, 2014.Google Scholar
- Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W. and Helbig, J. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Acatech, 2013.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Bridging the Skills Gap of Workers in Industry 4.0 by Human Performance Augmentation Tools: Challenges and Roadmap
Recommendations
Extended Reality (XR) Toward Building Immersive Solutions: The Key to Unlocking Industry 4.0
When developing XR applications for Industry 4.0, it is important to consider the integration of visual displays, hardware components, and multimodal interaction techniques that are compatible with the entire system. The potential use of multimodal ...
Augmented reality in support of Industry 4.0—Implementation challenges and success factors
Highlights- Augmented reality (AR) is a central part of Industry 4.0 or similar initiatives.
AbstractIndustrial augmented reality (AR) is an integral part of Industry 4.0 concepts, as it enables workers to access digital information and overlay that information with the physical world. While not being broadly adopted in some ...
Text mining of industry 4.0 job advertisements
Highlights- Industry 4.0 has incited changes in business processes and work approaches, generating new job profiles in organizations.
AbstractSince changes in job characteristics in areas such as Industry 4.0 are rapid, fast tool for analysis of job advertisements is needed. Current knowledge about competencies required in Industry 4.0 is scarce. The goal of this paper is to ...
Comments