Lucas Waye
Stephen Chong
Abstract
Modern service-oriented applications forgo semantically rich protocols and middleware when composing services. Instead, they embrace the loosely-coupled development and deployment of services that communicate via simple network protocols. Even though these applications do expose interfaces that are higher-order in spirit, the simplicity of the network protocols forces them to rely on brittle low-level encodings. To bridge the apparent semantic gap, programmers introduce ad-hoc and error-prone defensive code. Inspired by Design by Contract, we choose a different route to bridge this gap. We introduce Whip, a contract system for modern services. Whip (i) provides programmers with a higher-order contract language tailored to the needs of modern services; and (ii) monitors services at run time to detect services that do not live up to their advertised interfaces. Contract monitoring is local to a service. Services are treated as black boxes, allowing heterogeneous implementation languages without modification to services' code. Thus, Whip does not disturb the loosely coupled nature of modern services.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
This archive contains the Whip runtime monitor software and the appendices to the paper. The runtime monitor contains the Whip source code, the three case studies, a tutorial application, and the benchmark suite. The Whip asset was successfully evaluated by the ICFP Artifact Evaluation Committee. Additionally, the appendices of the paper are given in this archive; they contain the full proofs and definitions for the paper.
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Index Terms
- Whip: higher-order contracts for modern services
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