Cyril Soler
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
We describe a complete lighting simulation system tailored for the difficult case of vegetation scenes. Our algorithm is based on hierarchical instantiation for radiosity and precise phase function modeling. It allows efficient calculations both in terms of computation and memory resources. We provide an in-depth description and study of the instantiation-based radiosity technique and we address the problems related to generating and managing phase functions of plant structures, as needed by the instantiation process. We present results demonstrating the high performance of the hierarchical instantiation algorithm and we describe two examples of applications: rendering of large vegetation scenes and plant growth simulation. Other applications of our system range from landscape simulation to agronomical and agricultural studies, and to the design of virtual plants responding to their environment.
- Ashdown, I. 1994. Radiosity: A Programmer's Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.]] Google Scholar
- Balandier, P., Lacointe, A., Roux, X. L., Sinoquet, H., Cruiziat, P., and Diz&ebrave;s, S. L. 2000. Simwal: A structural-functional model simulating single walnut tree growth in response to climate and pruning. Ann. For. Sci. 57, 571--585.]]Google Scholar
- Baranoski, G. V. G. and Rokne, J. G. 1997. An algorithmic reflectance and transmittance model for plant tissue. In Comput. Graph. Forum. Vol. 16(3).]]Google Scholar
- Beaudet, M. and Messier, C. 1998. Growth and morphological responses of yellow birch, sugar maple, and beech seedlings growing under a natural light gradient. Canadian J. Forest Res. 30, 1007--1015.]]Google Scholar
- Beaudet, M., Messier, C., Hilbert, D. W., Lo, E., Wang, Z. M., and Lechowicz, M. J. 2000. Leaf- and plant-level carbon gain in yellow birch, sugar maple and beech seedlings from contrasting forest light environments. Canadian J. Forest Res. 30, 390--415.]]Google Scholar
- Blaise, F., Barczi, J., Jaeger, M., Dinouard, P., and de Reffye, P. 1998. Simulation of the growth of plants, modeling of metamorphosis and spatial interactions in the architecture and development of plants. Cyberworlds 6, 81--109.]]Google Scholar
- Borel, C. C., Gerstl, S. A. W., and Powers, B. J. 1991. The Radiosity Method in Optical Remote Sensing of Structured 3-D Surfaces. Remote Sensing of the Environment 36, 13--44.]]Google Scholar
- Castro, F. D. and Fetcher, N. 1998. Three-dimensional model of the interception of light by a canopy. Agric. For. Meteorol. 90, 215--233.]]Google Scholar
- Chelle, M., Andrieu, B., and Bouatouch, K. 1998. Nested radiosity for plant canopies. Vis. Comput. 14, 3, 109--125.]]Google Scholar
- Chen, S., Impens, I., Ceulemans, R., and Kockelbergh, F. 1993. Measurement of gap fraction of fractal generated canopies using digitalized image analysis. Agric. For. Meteorol. 65, 245--259.]]Google Scholar
- Dauzat, J. and Eroy, M. N. 1987. Simulating light regime and intercrop yields in coconut based farming systems. Europ. J. Agron. 7, 63--74.]]Google Scholar
- de Reffye, P., Blaise, F., Chemouny, S., Jaffuel, S., Fourcaud, T., and Houllier, F. 1999. Calibration of a hydraulic architecture-based growth model of cotton plants. Agronomie 19, 265--280.]]Google Scholar
- de Reffye, P., Edelin, C., Francon, J., Jaeger, M., and Puech, C. 1988. Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development. In Comput. Graph., J. Dill, Ed. Vol. 22. 151--158.]] Google Scholar
- de Reffye, P., Fourcaud, T., Blaise, F., Barthélémy, D., and Houllier, F. 1996. An ecophysiological model for tree growth and tree architecture. In Workshop on Functional Structural Tree Models. Helsinki. Silva Fennica eds.]]Google Scholar
- Deussen, O. and Strothotte, T. 2000. Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration of trees. In Siggraph 2000, Computer Graphics Proceedings, K. Akeley, Ed. ACM Press/ACM SIGGRAPH/Addison Wesley Longman, 13--18.]] Google Scholar
- Fournier, C. and Andrieu, B. 1999. Adel-maize: an L-system based model for the integration of growth processes from the organ to the canopy. Agronomie 19, 313--327.]]Google Scholar
- Gastellu-Etchegorry, J., Demarez, V., Pinel, V., and Zagolski, F. 1996a. Modeling radiative transfer in heterogeneous 3D vegetation canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 58, 2, 131--156.]]Google Scholar
- Gastellu-Etchegorry, J., Zagolski, F., and Romier, J. 1996b. A simple anisotropic reflectance model for homogeneous multilayer canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 57, 22--38.]]Google Scholar
- Gautier, H., Měch, R., Prusinkiewicz, P., and Varlet-Grancher, C. 2000. 3D architectural modeling of aerial photomorphogenesis in white clover (trifolium repens l.) using L-systems. Annals Bot. 85, 359--370.]]Google Scholar
- Goel, N. 1988. Models of vegetation canopy reflectance and their use in estimation of biophysical parameters from reflectance data. Gordon & Breach Publishing Group.]]Google Scholar
- Goel, N. S., Rozehnal, I., and Thompson, R. L. 1991. A computer graphics based model for scattering from objects of arbitrary shapes in the optical region. Remote Sensing of Environment 36, 2, 73--104.]]Google Scholar
- Goldsmith, J. and Salmon, J. 1987. Automatic creation of object hierarchies for ray tracing. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 7, 5 (May), 14--20.]] Google Scholar
- Goral, C. M., Torrance, K. E., Greenberg, D. P., and Battaile, B. 1984. Modelling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces. In Comput. Graph.. Vol. 18. 212--22.]] Google Scholar
- Govaerts, Y. M. 1995. A model of light scattering in three-dimensional plant canopies: A monte carlo ray tracing approach. Ph.D. thesis, Departement de Physique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.]]Google Scholar
- Greene, N. 1989. Voxel space automata: Modeling with stochastic growth processes in voxel space. In Comput. Graph., J. Lane, Ed. Vol. 23. 175--184.]] Google Scholar
- Hanrahan, P., Salzman, D., and Aupperle, L. 1991. A Rapid Hierarchical Radiosity Algorithm. In Comput. Graph.. Vol. 25. 197--206.]] Google Scholar
- Hasenfratz, J. M., Damez, C., Sillion, F., and Drettakis, G. 1999. A practical analysis of clustering strategies for hierarchical radiosity. In Comput. Graph. Forum. Vol. 18. 221--232.]]Google Scholar
- Kajiya, J. T. 1986. The Rendering Equation. In Comput. Graph.. Vol. 20. 143--150.]] Google Scholar
- Max, N., Mobley, C., Keating, B., and Wu, E.-H. 1997. Plane-parallel radiance transport for global illumination in vegetation. In Rendering Techniques '97 (Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering), J. Dorsey and P. Slusallek, Eds. Springer Wien, New York, NY, 239--250. ISBN 3-211-83001-4.]] Google Scholar
- Měch, R. and Prusinkiewicz, P. 1996. Visual models of plants interacting with their environment. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference Proceedings, H. Rushmeier, Ed. Annual Conference Series. ACM SIGGRAPH, Addison Wesley, 397--410. held in New Orleans, Louisiana, 04--09 August 1996.]] Google Scholar
- Myneni, R., Ross, J., and Asrar, G. 1989. A review on the theory of photon transport in leaf canopies in slab geometry. Agric. For. Meteorol. 45, 1--153.]]Google Scholar
- Norman, J. and Jarvis, P. 1975. Photosynthesis in sitka spruce (picea sitchensis(bong) carr.). v. radiation penetration theory and a test case. J. Appl. Ecol. 12, 839--878.]]Google Scholar
- Ouhyoung, M., Chuang, Y.-Y., and Liang, R.-H. 1996. Reusable Radiosity Object. In Comput. Graph. Forum. Vol. 15. C348--C356.]]Google Scholar
- Pearcy, R. and Sims, D. 1998. A three-dimensional shoot architecture model for assessment of light capture and carbon gain by understory plants. Agric. For. Meteorol. 89, 241--253.]]Google Scholar
- Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Nikinmaa, E., Salminen, H., Saarenmaa, H., and Väkevä, J. 1996. Lignum: a tree model based on simple structural units. Annals Bot. 77, 87--98.]]Google Scholar
- Planchais, I. and Sinoquet, H. 1996. Foliage determinants of light interception in sunny and shaded branches of fagus ylvatica(l.). œcologia 108, 1--12.]]Google Scholar
- Rauscher, H., Isebrands, J., Host, G. E., Dickson, R. E., Dickmann, D. I., Crow, T. R., and Michael, D. A. 1990. Ecophys: An ecophysiological growth process model for juvenile poplar. Tree Physiol. 7, 255--281.]]Google Scholar
- Ross, J. 1981. The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. Junk Pub., The Hague.]]Google Scholar
- Ross, J. K. and Marshak, A. L. 1988. Calculation of canopy bidirectional reflectance using the monte carlo method. Remote Sensing of the Environment 24, 213--225.]]Google Scholar
- Rushmeier, H. E., Patterson, C., and Veerasamy, A. 1993. Geometric Simplification for Indirect Illumination Calculations. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface '93. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 227--236.]]Google Scholar
- Siegel, R. and Howell, R. J. 1992. Thermal radiation heat transfer. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.]]Google Scholar
- Sillion, F. 1995. A unified hierarchical algorithm for global illumination with scattering volumes and object clusters. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 1, 3 (Sept.).]] Google Scholar
- Sillion, F. and Drettakis, G. 1995. Feature-Based Control of Visibility Error: A Multiresolution Clustering Algorithm for Global Illumination. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1995 (ACM SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings). 145--152.]] Google Scholar
- Sillion, F., Drettakis, G., and Soler, C. 1995. A Clustering Algorithm for Radiance Calculation in General Environments. In Rendering Techniques '95 (Proceedings of the Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering), P. M. Hanrahan and W. Purgathofer, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 196--205.]]Google Scholar
- Sillion, F. and Puech, C. 1994. Radiosity and Global Illumination. Morgan Kaufmann publishers, San Francisco.]] Google Scholar
- Smits, B., Arvo, J., and Greenberg, D. 1994. A Clustering Algorithm for Radiosity in Complex Environments. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1994 (ACM SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings). 435--442.]] Google Scholar
- Soler, C. and Sillion, F. 2000. Hierarchical instantiation for radiosity. In Rendering Techniques '00, B. Peroche and H. Rushmeier, Eds. Springer Wien, New York, NY, 173--184.]] Google Scholar
- Takenaka, A. 1994. A simulation model of tree architecture development based on growth response to local light environment. J. Plant Res. 107, 321--330.]]Google Scholar
- Verhoef, W. 1984. Light scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling: The sail model. Remote Sensing of Environment 16, 125--141.]]Google Scholar
- Whitehead, D., Grace, J., and Godfrey, M. 1990. Architectural distribution of foliage in individual pinus radiata (d. don) crowns and the effect of clumping on radiation interception. Tree Physiol. 7, 135--155.]]Google Scholar
Index Terms
- An efficient instantiation algorithm for simulating radiant energy transfer in plant models
Recommendations
The RADIANCE lighting simulation and rendering system
SIGGRAPH '94: Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesThis paper describes a physically-based rendering system tailored to the demands of lighting design and architecture. The simulation uses a light-backwards ray-tracing method with extensions to efficiently solve the rendering equation under most ...
Fast, Realistic Lighting for Video Games
Global lighting effects produced by diffuse interreflections are typically simulated using global illumination methods such as radiosity or ray tracing. Although diffuse interreflections are crucial to produce realistic images, radiosity like methods ...
Comments