| 曹春,张松,张鹏,刘雨晨,陈勋文,王俊坚.大宝山污灌区土壤-蔬菜系统重金属污染现状及其风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(7):1521-1531. |
| 大宝山污灌区土壤-蔬菜系统重金属污染现状及其风险评价 |
| Heavy metal contamination in soil-vegetable systems and its health risks in an area irrigated with acid mine drainage in Dabaoshan, Guangdong, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-01-01 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0001 |
| 中文关键词: 蔬菜 重金属 生物富集 迁移特征 风险评价 |
| 英文关键词: vegetable heavy metal bioaccumulation translocation health risk assessment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（41807360）；国家自然科学基金地区项目（41761074）；广东省普通高校自然科学研究特色创新项目（2018KTSCX199） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究酸性矿山废水浇灌对土壤-蔬菜体系中重金属的分布特征及迁移特征的影响，进而评估蔬菜摄入带来的健康风险，选取广东省大宝山农田8种蔬菜及其生长土壤作为研究对象，运用植物地下部富集系数（BBCF）和转运系数（TF）分析蔬菜不同部位对Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Pb和Cd的吸收转运能力，使用重金属每日摄入量（EDI）和目标危险系数（THQ）方法进行健康风险评价。结果表明：依据《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 15618-2018），6种重金属超标占比分别为Cu 94.9%、Cd 89.5%、Pb 84.6%、As 69.2%、Cr 10.5%、Zn 10.3%。蔬菜地上部的6种元素含量都超过《食品中锌限量卫生标准》（GB 13106-1991）、《食品中铜限量卫生标准》（GB 15199-1994）和《食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762-2017），其中Cr、Pb、Cd超标严重，蕹菜、小白菜、茄子积累重金属超标最严重。蔬菜的地下部对Cr和Cd有较强的富集能力，存在Cd、Cr的复合污染风险，其中Cd较其他金属元素更容易从蔬菜地下部转运到地上部。健康风险评价结果显示，食用蔬菜造成的平均目标危险系数按大小为THQAs > THQCr > THQCd > THQPb > THQCu > THQZn，As、Cr、Cd总贡献超过87%；儿童摄食蔬菜的重金属健康风险高于成人。研究表明，当地污灌区农田重金属仍超标严重，蕹菜、茄子、小白菜是造成人体健康风险的主要蔬菜品种，建议食用其他低富集蔬菜以降低健康风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the effects of heavy metals in soil-vegetable systems and their health risks via the consumption of contaminated vegetables in an area irrigated with acid mine wastewater, the study sampled eight vegetables and their rhizosphere soils in polluted farmlands in Dabaoshan, Guangdong Province. Belowground bioconcentration factor and translocation factor were calculated to analyze the absorption and translocation of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Pb, and Cd in vegetables. Estimated daily intake of heavy metals via vegetable consumption and target hazard quotient(THQ)were used for health risk assessment. The results showed that 94.9% of the soil samples exceeded the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018)for Cu, 89.5% for Cd, 84.6% for Pb, 69.2% for As, 10.5% for Cr, and 10.3% for Zn. The concentrations of the six metals in the aboveground tissues exceeded Health Standard for Zinc in Food(GB 13106-1991),Health Standard for Copper in Food(GB 15199-1994)and Maximum Allowable Concentration in Food(GB 2762-2017)for vegetables, among them Cr, Pb, and Cd exceeded the standards significantly. Furthermore, the accumulation of heavy metals was the highest in Ipomoea aquatica Forssk, Brassica chinensis L., and Solanum melongena L. among all the studied vegetables. The results showed that the belowground part of vegetables had a relatively strong ability to enrich Cr and Cd. Although the soil Cr pollution was not serious, there was a risk of co-pollution of Cd and Cr in vegetables. Cd exhibited a stronger migration ability from the belowground part to aboveground part of vegetables than the other metals. The health-risk assessment showed that the average THQ decreased in the following order:THQAs > THQCr > THQCd > THQPb > THQCu > THQZn; As, Cr, and Cd contributed more than 87% to the total THQ. Moreover, the health risks of consuming heavy metal-contaminated vegetables were higher in children than in adults. Our results suggest that there is serious heavy metal pollution in local farmlands irrigated with wastewater, and that I. aquatica, Brassica campestris, and S. melongena can cause the highest human health risk among the vegetables. Thus, the consumption of alternative vegetables with lower metal accumulation is recommended. |
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