Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:43:33.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation of gibbsite in the presence of 2:1 minerals: an example from Ultisols of northeast India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

T. Bhattacharyya ,
D. K. Pal  and
P. Srivastava
T. Bhattacharyya*
Affiliation:
Division of Soil Resource Studies, National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440-010, India
D. K. Pal
Affiliation:
Division of Soil Resource Studies, National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440-010, India
P. Srivastava
Affiliation:
Division of Soil Resource Studies, National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440-010, India
*
E-mail: tapas@nbsslup.mah.nic.in
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

There are two different views regarding the genesis of gibbsite in tropical acid soils: (1) direct weathering of primary Al-silicate minerals; and (2) transformation through clay mineral intermediates. We investigated the genesis of gibbsite in two representative Ultisols from northeastern India. Gibbsite in these Ultisols appears to be the remnant of earlier weathering products of aluminosilicate minerals formed in a neutral to alkaline pedochemical environment. The mere presence of gibbsite in these soils, therefore, does not indicate their advanced stage of weathering. The formation of typically rod-shaped and well-crystallized gibbsite in both the coarse and fine soil fractions in the presence of large amounts of 2:1 minerals indicates that the anti-gibbsite hypothesis may not be tenable in these tropical acid soils. A schematic model for the formation of gibbsite and kaolin in Ultisols is proposed.

Keywords

gibbsiteUltisolacid soilweatheringIndia
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , December 2000 , pp. 827 - 840
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anand, R.R. & Gilkes, R.J. (1987) Muscovite in Darling Range bauxitic laterite. Aust. J. Soil Res. 25, 445–450.Google Scholar
Balasubramaniam, K.S. & Sabale, S.G. (1984 ) Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of certain bauxite profiles from Kutch district, Gujarat. Pp. 225–242 in: Proc. Symp. On Deccan Trap and Bauxite. Spec. Publ. 14, Geological Survey of India.Google Scholar
Barnhisel, R.I. & Bertsch, P.M. (1989) Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite. Pp. 729–788 in: Minerals in Soil Environments (Dixon, J.B. & Weed, S.B., editors). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya, T., Pal, D.K. & Deshpande, S.B. (1993) Genesis and transformation of minerals in the formation of red (Alfisols) and black (Inceptisols and Vertisols) soils on Deccan basalt in the Western Ghats, India. J. Soil Sci. 44, 159–171.Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya, T., Sen, T.K., Singh, R.S., Nayak, D.C. & Sehgal, J.L. (1994) Morphology and classification of Ultisols with kandic horizon in north eastern region. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 42, 301–306.Google Scholar
Churchman, G.J., Whitton, J.S., Claridge, G.C.C. & Theng, B.K.G. (1984) Intercalation method for differentiating halloysite from kaolinite. Clays & Clay Miner. 32, 241–248.Google Scholar
de Brito Galvao, T.C. & Schulze, D.G. (1996) Mineralogical properties of a collapsible lateritic soil from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60, 1969–1978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, S.K. & Tomar, K.P. (1973) X-ray and electron microscopic investigation of clays from some acid soils of India. Pp. 73–78 in: Proc. Symp. Use of Isotopes and Radiation in Agriculture, Biology and Animal Science, Chandigarh, India.Google Scholar
Hsu Pa., Ho (1989) Aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. Pp. 331–378 in: Minerals in Soil Environments (Dixon, J.B. & Weed, S.B., editors). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.Google Scholar
Idnurm, M. & Schmidt, P.W. (1986) Paleomagnetic dating of weathered profiles. Mem. Geol. Surv. India. 120, 79–88.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1963) Aluminum bonding in soils: A unifying principle in soil science. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 27, 1–10.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1964) Chemical composition of soils. Pp. 71–141 in: Chemistry of the Soil (Bear, F.E., editor). Van Norstrand-Reinhold, New York.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1973) Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1979) Soil Chemical Analysis – Advanced Course. Published by the author, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D.A. (1985) Chemical and mineralogical composition in the identification of palaeosols. Pp. 23–43 in: Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution (Boardman, J., editor) Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Krishnan, M.S. (1982) Geology of India and Burma. CBS Publishers and Distributors, India.Google Scholar
Lowe, D.L. (1986) Controls on the rate of weathering and clay mineral genesis in airfall tephras: a review and New Zealand case study. Pp. 265–330 in: Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals (Colman, S.M. & Dethier, D.P., editors). Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, USA.Google Scholar
Macias, Vasquez F. (1981) Formation of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of temperate humid zones. Clay Miner. 16, 43–52.Google Scholar
Majumdar, R.N. (1979) Degradation characteristics of clays and clay minerals. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 56, 1145–1152.Google Scholar
Majumdar, R.N. & Mukherjee, S.K. (1979) Degradation characteristics of hydrogen montmorillonites. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 27, 26–37.Google Scholar
Millot, G. (1970) Geology of Clays. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Mulyanto, B., Stoops, G. & Van Ranst, E. (1999). Precipitation and dissolution of gibbsite during weathering of andesitic boulders in humid tropical West Java, Indonesia. Geoderma. 89, 287–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandi, A.K. & Slukin, A.D. (1983) Essential differences in mineralogy and geochemistry of Indian laterite bauxites formed on acid and basic rocks. Proc. 5th Int. Cong., ICSOBA, TRAVAUX. 13, 145–155.Google Scholar
Panda, N. (1987) Acid soils of eastern India – their chemistry and management. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 35, 568–581.Google Scholar
Pal, D.K. (1985) Potassium release from muscovite and biotite under alkaline conditions. Pedologie. 35, 133–146.Google Scholar
Pal, D.K., Deshpande, S.B., Venugopal, K.R. & Kalbande, A.R. (1989) Formation of di- and trioctahedral smectite as evidence for paleoclimatic changes in southern and central Peninsular India. Geoderma. 45, 175–184.Google Scholar
Smith, G.D. (1986) The Guy Smith Interviews: Rationale for Concepts in Soil Taxonomy, SMSS Technical Monograph, 11. SMSS, SCS, USDA, USA.Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff (1975) Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Handbook No. 436, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff (1994) Keys to Soil Taxonomy (6th edition). SMSS technical monograph 19. Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.Google Scholar
Tait, J.M., Violante, A. & Violante, P. (1983) Coprecipitation of gibbsite and bayerite with nord-strandite. Clay Miner. 18, 95–99.Google Scholar
Wada, K. & Kakuto, Y. (1983) Intergradient vermiculite-kaolin mineral in a Korean Ultisol. Clays & Clay Miner. 31, 183–190.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.J. (1987) X-ray powder diffraction method. Pp. 26–98 in: A Handbook of Determinative Methods in Clay Minerals (Wilson, M.J., editor). Blackie, Glasgow.Google Scholar