1 Introduction
1.1 Relevant literature
1.2 Sunlight effect on outdoor VLC systems
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A (2×2) MIMO scenario for inter-vehicular communication.
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An adaptive modulation scheme incorporating a DCO-OFDM and an ACO-OFDM schemes for VLC-based V2V system.
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Bit-loading algorithm for performance improvement and singular value decomposition (SVD) technique for enhanced optimization.
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Performance analysis of the outdoor VLC environment with realistic sun light noise.
2 Methodology
Symbol | Description | Value |
---|---|---|
T, R, q | Transmitter, receiver, and reflector | (1–2), (0–6) |
ϕ
RT
| Emitting angle from T to R | 30o |
θ
RT
| Incident angle from T to R | 45o |
R
RT
| Distance between T and R | 20−120 m |
A
R
| Effective area of R | 1×10−4 m2 |
To(θRT) | Transmission coefficient of filter | 1 |
Ψ
RT
| FOV of R with respect to T | 75o |
g(θRT) | The concentrator gain | 5 |
ϕ
qT
| Emitting angle between T and q | 30o |
θ
qT
| Incident angle between T and q | 25o |
A
q
| Reflector area | 150 cm2 |
ρ
q
| The reflectivity | 0.8 [20] |
ϕ
Rq
| Emitting angle between R and q | 30o |
θ
Rq
| Incident angle from q to R | 45o |
R
qT
| Distance between T and q | 20−80 m |
R
Rq
| Distance between q and R | 20−80 m |
Ψ
Rq
| FOV of R with respect to q | 60o |
hi
| Height of the APD at the receiver | 70 cm |
IT(αT, βT) | Luminous intensity of T | 1040 cd |
(αT, βT) | Position angles of T | 10o, 10o |
Symbol | Description | Value |
---|---|---|
APD model | (Si) Hamamatsu | S8664−1010 |
λ (nm) | Visible light wave length | [ 350−750] |
G
| APD gain | 50 |
Ps(λ) (lx) | Sunlight intensity | 12000 |
qe (C) | Electron charge | 1.9×10−19 |
θ
sun
| Sunlight incident angle | 25o |
B (MHz) | APD bandwidth | 65 |
Ids (nA) | Surface dark current | 10 |
Idg (μ A | Bulk dark current | 5100 |
KB (J/K) | Boltzmann’s constant | 1.38×10−23 |
Tk (K) | Temperature | 298 |
F
| APD noise figure | 0.2 |
γ (A/W) | Photodetector responsivity | 0.28 |
R
L
i
n
Ω
| Load resistance | 50 |
The parameter | Value |
---|---|
Toronto location | 43.6532o N, 79.3832o W |
Weather | Clear |
Number of FFT points | 64 |
Subcarrier modulation scheme | 4-QAM, 16-QAM,...256-QAM |
Total system bandwidth | 50 MHz |
Cyclic prefix length CP | 8 |
Targeted BER | 10−5 |
White LED XM-L | 1040 (cd) and LER=100 (lm/W) |
LED dynamic range (V) | Vton=2.66,Vmax=3.25 |
Biased voltage (V) bdc | 5 V |
Vehicles speed (same direction) | 30 Km/h |