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Systematic Evaluation of a Diclofenac-Loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing and Its Release Performance with Changing pH and Temperature

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Abstract

Development of drug-loaded wound dressings is often performed without systematic consideration of the changing wound environment that can influence such materials’ performance. Among the crucial changes are the wound pH and temperature, which have an immense effect on the drug release. Detailed release studies based on the consideration of these changing properties provide an important aspect of the in vitro performance testing of novel wound dressing materials. A sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-based wound dressing, with the incorporated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, was developed and characterised in regard to its physico-chemical, structural and morphological properties. Further, the influence of pH and temperature were studied on the drug release. Finally, the biocompatibility of the wound dressing towards human skin cells was tested. Incorporation of diclofenac did not alter important properties (water retention value, air permeability) of the host material. Changes in the pH and temperature were shown to influence the release performance and have to be accounted for in the evaluation of such dressings. Furthermore, the knowledge about the potential changes of these parameters in the wound bed could be used potentially to predict, and potentially even to control the drug release from the developed wound dressing. The prepared wound dressing was also proven biocompatible towards human skin cells, making it interesting for potential future use in the clinics.

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Abbreviations

ADMEM :

Advanced Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium

AQ :

Aquacel™

ATR :

Attenuated total reflectance-infrared

DCF :

Diclofenac sodium

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

FBS :

Fetal bovine serum

HACAT :

Aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line

MTT :

(3(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

Na-CMC :

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

NSAID :

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory pain-killing drugs

PBS :

Phosphate buffer solution

SEM :

Scanning electron microscopy

SF :

Human skin fibroblasts

T :

Temperature

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Prof. Dr. Elsa Fabbretti for kindly providing us HACAT cells.

Funding

This study received financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency for Research Core Funding No. P2-0118, P3-0036 and P3-0371 and the financial support through Project No. Z2-8168.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Tina Maver & Karin Stana Kleinschek

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Tina Maver & Uroš Maver

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 6b, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Lidija Gradišnik & Uroš Maver

  4. University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Dragica Maja Smrke

  5. Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Karin Stana Kleinschek

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  1. Tina Maver
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Correspondence to Tina Maver, Karin Stana Kleinschek or Uroš Maver.

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Maver, T., Gradišnik, L., Smrke, D.M. et al. Systematic Evaluation of a Diclofenac-Loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing and Its Release Performance with Changing pH and Temperature. AAPS PharmSciTech 20, 29 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1236-4

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