Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T03:04:14.845Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Use of Clays as Petroleum Cracking Catalysts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

T. H. Milliken
Affiliation:
Research and Development Laboratories, Houdry Process Corp., Marcus Hook, Penn, USA
A. G. Oblad
Affiliation:
Research and Development Laboratories, Houdry Process Corp., Marcus Hook, Penn, USA
G. A. Mills
Affiliation:
Research and Development Laboratories, Houdry Process Corp., Marcus Hook, Penn, USA

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Part VII—Clay Technology in the Petroleum Industry
Copyright
© Clay Minerals Society 1952

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Selected References

Alexander, J, Am. Petroleum Inst. Proc. 1947 27 51.Google Scholar
Ardern, D B Dart, J C Lassiat, K C, Catalytic cracking in fixed- and moving-bed processes, in Progress in petroleum technology 1951 Washington, D. C. American Chemical Society 1329.Google Scholar
Bevan, D J M Shelton, J P Anderson, J S, Properties of some simple oxides and spinels at high temperatures Chem. Soc. (London) Jour. 1948 1948 17291741.Google Scholar
Burghardt, O, Activated bleaching clavs Ind. and Kng. Chemistry 1931 23 800802 10.1021/ie50259a018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, M A Pack, D H Oblad, A G, Structural model of low pressure “phvsieal” adsorption Jour. Chem. Phvsics 1951 19 367376.Google Scholar
Davidson, R C, Petroleum Refiner 1947 26 663.Google Scholar
Davis, D. W., et al., 1950, Electron micrographs of reference clay minerals: Am. Petroleum Inst., Proj. 49, Prelim. Rept. 6, 17 pp., New York, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Dowden, D A, Catalytic activity of nickel, theoretical aspects Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1952 44 977985 10.1021/ie50509a023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, L C, Pore-size distribution in porous materials, application of high-pressure mercury porosimeter to cracking catalysts Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1949 41 780785 10.1021/ie50472a024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escard, J Mering, J Perrin-Bonnet, I, Activation de la montrnorillonite Jour. Chimie Physique, tome 1950 47 234237 10.1051/jcp/1950470234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gedroiz, K K, Pouvy, Nenasyshchennye osnovaniyami. Metodika opredeleniya v pochvakh vodorodnogoiona, nakhodyas-chegosya v pogloshchennom sostoyanii. Potrebnost’ pochvy v investi, kak neytralizatore nenasyshchennosti Zhurnal Opytnoy Agronomii, Imeni p.s. Kossoviua. Otdepl. Opiginal’nye Stat’i. [Russisches Journal für experimentelle Landwirtschaft, Adschnitt 1, Originalarbeiten 1924 22 328.Google Scholar
Greensfelder, B S, The mechanism of catalytic cracking Progress in petroleum technology 1951 Washington, D. C. American Chemical Society 312 10.1021/ba-1951-0005.ch002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenall, A, Montmorillonite cracking catalyst, X-ray diffraction Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1948 40 21482151 10.1021/ie50467a028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenall, A, Montmorillonite cracking catalyst, demonstration of presence of hydrogen ion in heated Filtrol clay catalysts Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1949 41 14851486 10.1021/ie50475a046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R E Bradley, W P, Rehydration and dehydration of the clay minerals Am. Mineralogist 1948 33 5059.Google Scholar
Hagner, A F, Adsorptive clays of the Texas Gulf coast Am. Mineralogist 1939 24 67108.Google Scholar
Hansford, R C, A mechanism of catalytic cracking Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1947 39 849852 10.1021/ie50451a012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, U Endell, K, Mitteilung’uer die alkivie-rung der rohen bleicherde Angewandte Chemie 1935 48 187191 10.1002/ange.19350481205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, J Mills, G A, Aging of a bentonite cracking catalyst in air or steam Jour. Phys. Colloid Chemistry 1951 55 13021320 10.1021/j150491a004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houdry, E Burt, W F Pew, A B Jr. Peters, W A Jr., Catalytic processing by the Houdry process Nat. Petroleum News 1938 30 48 R570R580.Google Scholar
Houdry, E Burt, W F Pew, A E Jr Peters, W A Jr., Catalytic processing of petroleum hydrocarbons by the Houdry process Refiner and Natural Gasoline Manufacturer 1938 17 574582.Google Scholar
Kelley, W P, Cation exchange in soils Am. Chem. Soc. Mon. Ser., no. 109 1948 New York Reinhold Publishing Corp.Google Scholar
de Lopez-Gonzalez, J D Deitz, V R, Surface changes in an original and activated bentonite Nat. Bur. Standards Jour. Research 1952 48 325333 10.6028/jres.048.041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacEwan, D M C, Brindley, G W, The montmorillonite minerals (mont-morillonoids) X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals 1951 Mineralog. Soc. Clay Minerals Group London 120.Google Scholar
Mills, G. A., U. S. Patent 2,485,626 to Houdry Process Corporation (kaolin catalysts).Google Scholar
Mills, G A Hindin, S G, Chemical characterization of catalysts. II. Oxygen exchange between water and cracking agents Am. Chem. Soc. Jour. 1950 72 55495554 10.1021/ja01168a051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, G A Holmes, J Cornelius, E B, Acid activation of some bentonite elavs Jour. Phys. Colloid Chemistry 1950 54 11701185 10.1021/j150482a009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphrec, E V, Fluid catalytic cracking process, in Progress in petroleum technology 1951 Washington, D. C. American Chemical Society 3038.Google Scholar
Nutting, P. G., 1933, The bleaching clays: U. S. Geol. Survey, Circ. 3, 51 pp.Google Scholar
Nutting, P G, Technical basis of bleaching clay industry Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull. 1935 19 10431052.Google Scholar
Nutting, P G, A study of bleach clay solubility Franklin Inst. Jour. 1937 224 339362 10.1016/S0016-0032(37)90458-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nutting, P G, Adsorbent clavs U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 928-C 1943 127.Google Scholar
Oblad, A G Milliken, T H Mills, G A, Chemical characteristics and structure of cracking catalysts Advances in catalysis and related subjects 1951 3 199247 10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60108-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oulton, T D, The pre size-surface area distribution of u cracking catalyst Jour. Phys. Colloid Chemistry 1948 52 12961314 10.1021/j150464a003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauling, L, The structure of some sodium and calcium aluminosilicates Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc 1930 16 453459 10.1073/pnas.16.7.453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, H M, Brindley, G W, Phase changes which occur on heating kaolin clays X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals 1951 Mineralog. Soc., Clay Minerals Group London 76.Google Scholar
Ries, H E, Structure and sintering properties of cracking catalysts and related materials Advances in catalysis and related subjects 1952 4 87149 10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60613-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, H L Drake, L C, Pore-size distribution in porous materials Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, Anal. Ed. (Anal. Chemistry) 1949 17 782786 10.1021/i560148a013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroter, G A Campbell, I, Geological features of some deposits of bleaching clay Min. Technology 1940 4 131.Google Scholar
Shabaker, H. A., Mills, G. A., and Denison, R. C., U. S. Patents 2,466,046 to 2,466,052 and 2,561,422 to Houdry Process Corporation.Google Scholar
Suehiro, Y, Preparation of activated clays and property of its tabnlett in use for catalytic cracking Chem. Soc. Japan Jour., Ind. Chem. Section 1949 52 1617.Google Scholar
Thomas, C L Hickey, J Stecker, G, Chemistry of clav cracking catalysts Ind. and Eng. Chemistry 1950 42 866871 10.1021/ie50485a033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, E J, Fluid catalytic cracking of high-sulfur stock with natural catalysts Oil and Gas Jour. 1950 48 46 221.Google Scholar
Walthall, J H Miller, P Striplin, M M, Development of a sulfuric acid process for production of alumina from clay Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. Trans. 1945 41 53140.Google Scholar