Abstract
In recent times, photovoltaic (PV) technologies for solar energy conversion have gained greater recognition. World production of PV cells and modules over the last five years grew at an average of around 40 % a year. The history of modern PV science started more than half a century ago. However, the period that followed exploited the mid-20th century developments in the basics of solid-state physics and semiconductor science. With only a few exceptions, almost no major achievements were attained during a long period of time. The present paper offers an attempt of a critical retrospective look at the history and current progress of solar PV research from a personal viewpoint. It also addresses the current status of research on conventional solid-state PV devices and compares it with the alternative organic and molecular PV systems. The paper briefly describes the potential of new types of organic and mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The paper shows that chemical physics rather than traditional solid-state physics is expected to lead to exciting challenges in the future of PV science.
Conference
International Conference and Exhibition "Molecular and Nanoscale Systems for Energy Conversion" (MEC-2007), Moscow, Russia, 2007-10-01–2007-10-03
References
1. doi:10.1063/1.1721711, D. M. Chapin, C. S. Fuller, G. L. Pearson. J. Appl. Phys. 25, 676 (1954).Search in Google Scholar
2. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.767, Zh. I. Alferov. Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 767 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
3. Zh. I. Alferov, V. M. Andreev, M. B. Kagan, I. I. Protasov, V. G. Trofim. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 4, 12 (1970).Search in Google Scholar
4. doi:10.1063/1.89674, D. L. Staebler, C. R. Wronski. Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 292 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
5. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.5014, A. Luque, A. Marti. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5014 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
6. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2006.03.006, A. Luque, A. Marti, E. Antolin, C. Tablero. Physica B 382, 320 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
7. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1221, W. Shan, W. Walukiewicz, J. W. Ager, E. E. Haller, J. F. Geisz, D. J. Friedman, J. M. Olson, S. R. Kurtz. Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 1221 (1999).Search in Google Scholar
8. doi:10.1063/1.1760836, A. Luque, A. Marti, C. Stanley, N. Lopez, L. Cuadra, D. Zhou, J. L. Pearson, A. McKee. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 903 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.085206, P. Palacios, J. J. Fernandez, K. Sanchez, J. C. Conesa, P. Wahnon. Phys. Rev. B 73, 085206 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
10. doi:10.1002/pssa.200566179, P. Palacios, K. Sanchez, J. C. Conesa, P. Wahnon. Phys. Status Solidi A 203, 1395 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
11. doi:10.1149/1.2917902, L. Larina, E. M. Trukhan, O. Shevaleevskiy, B. T. Ahn. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, H529 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
12. doi:10.1021/ja00212a033, N. Vlachopoulos, P. Liska, J. Augustynski, M. Gratzel. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 1216 (1988).Search in Google Scholar
13. doi:10.1038/353737a0, B. O'Regan, M. Gratzel. Nature 353, 737 (1991).Search in Google Scholar
14. A. E. Becquerel. C. R. Acad. Sci. 9, 561 (1839).Search in Google Scholar
15. doi:10.1098/rstl.1877.0009, W. G. Adams, R. E. Day. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 167, 313 (1877).Search in Google Scholar
16. G. M. Minchin. The Photographic News 35, 57 (1891).Search in Google Scholar
17. C. E. Fritts. Am. J. Sci. 26, 465 (1883).10.2475/ajs.s3-26.156.465Search in Google Scholar
18. B. T. Kolomiets. Izv. AN SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 5-6, 695 (1938).Search in Google Scholar
19. N. N. Semenov. Nauchnoe Slovo (in Russian) 2-3, 3 (1931).Search in Google Scholar
20. N. N. Semenov. Sci. Life (in Russian) 10-11, 16 (1972).Search in Google Scholar
21. N. N. Semenov. Chem. Br. 10, 471 (1974).10.1088/0031-9112/25/10/032Search in Google Scholar
22. doi:10.1134/1.1787110, Zh. I. Alferov, V. M. Andreev, V. D. Rumyantsev. Semiconductors 38, 899 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
23. In press release of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany (2006); <http://www.ise.fhg.de/press-and-media/press-releases>.Search in Google Scholar
24. L. L. Kazmerski. In World Renewable Energy Congress VI (WREC2000), A. A. M. Syaigh (Ed.), p. 2674, Elsevier Science (2000).10.1016/B978-008043865-8/50588-2Search in Google Scholar
25. doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2005.09.004, L. L. Kazmerski. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 150, 105 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
26. W. Shockley. Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors, D. van Nostrand, Princeton (1950).10.1063/1.3066656Search in Google Scholar
27. doi:10.1119/1.1934565, G. L. Pearson. Am. J. Phys. 25, 591 (1957).Search in Google Scholar
28. doi:10.1073/pnas.47.8.1303, P. Rappoport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47, 1303 (1961).Search in Google Scholar
29. doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(97)00002-6, L. L. Kazmerski. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 1, 71 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
30. doi:10.1007/BF02698283, O. Chevaleevski, L. Larina. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18, 403 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
31. doi:10.1063/1.2753729, J. F. Geisz, S. Kurtz, M. W. Wanlass, J. S. Ward, A. Dada, D. J. Friedman, J. M. Olson, W. E. McMahon, E. Moriarty, J. T. Kiehl. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023502-01 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
32. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.12.016, A. S. Gudovskikh, N. A. Kaluzhniy, V. M. Lantratov, S. A. Mintairov, M. Z. Shvarts, V. M. Andreev. Thin Solid Films 20, 6739 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
33. doi:10.1063/1.96937, C. W. Tang. Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 183 (1986).Search in Google Scholar
34. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(91)91581-T, S. Siebentritt, S. Gunster, D. Meissner. Synth. Met. 41-43, 1173 (1991).Search in Google Scholar
35. doi:10.1080/10587259308032183, S. Siebentritt, S. Gunster, D. Meissner. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 229, 111 (1993).Search in Google Scholar
36. doi:10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00099-9, J. Rostalski, D. Meissner. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 61, 87 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
37. O. I. Shevaleevskiy, V. P. Poponin, L. L. Larina. Mater. Sci. Forum 173-174, 117 (1995).10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.173-174.117Search in Google Scholar
38. doi:10.1016/0040-6090(95)08125-9, H. Yonehara, C. Pac. Thin Solid Films 278, 108 (1996).Search in Google Scholar
39. doi:10.1023/B:DOPC.0000046624.51308.df, O. I. Shevaleevskiy. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 398, 245 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
40. doi:10.1149/1.2126576, O. Shevaleevskiy, L. Larina. J. Electrochem. Soc. 153, A1 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
41. doi:10.1126/science.258.5087.1474, N. S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A. J. Heeger, F. Wudl. Science 258, 1474 (1992).Search in Google Scholar
42. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(93)90090-J, N. S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, D. Braun, G. Srdanov, V. Srdanov, F. Wudl, A. J. Heeger. Synth. Met. 56, 3125 (1993).Search in Google Scholar
43. doi:10.1063/1.108863, N. S. Sariciftci, D. Braun, C. Zhang, V. Srdanov, A. J. Heeger, G. Stucky, F. Wudl. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 585 (1993).Search in Google Scholar
44. doi:10.1142/S0217979294000105, N. S. Sariciftci, A. J. Heeger. Int. J. Mol. Phys. B8, 237 (1994).Search in Google Scholar
45. doi:10.1016/0079-6727(94)00012-N, N. S. Sariciftci. Prog. Quant. Elec. 19, 131 (1995).Search in Google Scholar
46. doi:10.1126/science.1141711, J. Y. Kim, K. Lee, N. E. Coates, D. Moses, T. Nguyen, M. Dante, A. J. Heeger. Science 317, 222 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
47. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2007.06.042, S. Gunes, N. S. Sariciftci. Inorg. Chim. Acta 361, 581 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
48. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2005.03.033, A. J. Mozer, N. S. Sariciftci. C. R. Chim. 9, 568 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
49. doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80253-2, H. Gerischer. J. Electroanal. Chem. 82, 133 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
50. H. Tributch. Sol. Energy Mater. 322, 972 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
51. R. Memming. "Photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion" in Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol. 143, E. Steckhan (Ed.), pp. 79-112, Springer, Berlin (1988).10.1515/9783112539248-007Search in Google Scholar
52. G. G. Komissarov, N. I. Kobozev, L. I. Nekrasov. Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 2555 (1963).Search in Google Scholar
53. M. I. Federov, V. A. Benderskii. Sov. Phys.-Semicond. 4, 1720 (1971).Search in Google Scholar
54. doi:10.1002/pip.712, M. Gratzel. Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 14, 429 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
55. doi:10.1351/pac200173030459, M. Gratzel. Pure. Appl. Chem. 73, 459 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
56. doi:10.1021/la001651b, J. He, A. Hagfeldt, S.-E. Lindquist. Langmuir 17, 2743 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
57. O. Chevaleevski, L. Larina, K. S. Lim. In Proceedings of Third World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, p. 23, IEEE, New Jersey (2003).Search in Google Scholar
58. doi:10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00168-3, J. He, H. Lindstrom, A. Hagfeldt, S.-E. Lindquist. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 62, 265 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
59. doi:10.1063/1.1723685, M. Durr, A. Bamedi, A. Yasuda, G. Nelles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3397 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
60. doi:10.1063/1.2203965, P. Liska, K. R. Thampi, M. Gratzel, D. Bremaud, D. Rudmann, H. M. Ipadhyaya, A. N. Tiwari. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 203103 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston