Abstract
The all-optical logic gates have become an important key enabling in optical integrated circuits and find applications in optical networks. In this paper, we introduce new complete series of optical logic gates using photonic crystals. These designs formed by compilation with interference based defect and resonance phenomenon. The proposed work based on two dimensional square lattices by putting gallium arsenide (GaAs) rods immersed on air background. The maximum contrast ratio and the maximum working bit rates is obtained for the NOT/XOR and OR logic gates equal to 50.81 dB and 12.5 Tb/s, respectively. The simulation and optimization of structure is approved out using Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) method and Plane Wave’s Method (PWEM).
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
[1] X. Susan Christina and A. P. Kabilan, “Design of optical logic gates using self-collimated beams in 2D photonic crystal,” Photon. Sensor., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 173–179, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-012-0054-7.Search in Google Scholar
[2] S. Salimzadeh and H. Alipour-Banaei, “A novel proposal for all optical 3 to 8 decoder based on nonlinear ring resonators,” J. Mod. Opt., vol. 65, no. 17, pp. 2017–2024, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2018.1489077.Search in Google Scholar
[3] A. Pashamehr, M. Zavvari, and H. Alipour-Banaei, “All-optical AND/OR/NOT logic gates based on photonic crystal ring resonators,” Front. Optoelectron., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 578–584, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0513-7.Search in Google Scholar
[4] S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, “Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size,” Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 50, no. 11, p. 385, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1654-2.Search in Google Scholar
[5] A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady and S. Olyaee, “Designing low power and high contrast ratio all-optical NOT logic gate for using in opticalintegrated circuits,” Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1715-6.Search in Google Scholar
[6] G. Subhalakshmi and S. Robinson, “Design and Analysis of Optical Logic Gate using Two Dimension Photonic Crystal,” in IEEE International Conference on Current Trends toward Converging Technologies, Coimbatore, India, IEEE, 2018.10.1109/ICCTCT.2018.8551012Search in Google Scholar
[7] E. H. Shaik and N. Rangaswamy, “Realization of XNOR logic function with all-optical high contrast XOR and NOT gates,” Opto-Electron. Rev., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 63–72, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2018.01.003.Search in Google Scholar
[8] R. B. Bennett, A. R. A. Soref, and J. A. Delalamo, “Carrier-Induced Change in Refractive GaAs, and InGaAsP,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron., vol.26, no. 1, pp. 113–122, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1109/3.44924.Search in Google Scholar
[9] E. H. Shaik and N. Rangaswamy, “Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates,” J. Comput. Electron., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 337–348, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-017-1081-9.Search in Google Scholar
[10] Y. Liu, F. Qin, Z. M. Meng, F. Zhou, Q. H. Mao, and Z. Y. Li, “All-optical logic gates based on two-dimensional low-refractive-index nonlinear photonic crystal slabs,” Optic. Express, vol.19, no. 3, pp. 1945–1953, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.001945.Search in Google Scholar
[11] M. Derakhshan, A. Naseri, M. Ghazizadeh, and R. Talebzadeh, “Simulant designing of an ultra-compact AND, OR logical gates based on two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides,” Photonic Netw. Commun., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 338–343, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0785-5.Search in Google Scholar
[12] T. S. Mostafa, N. A. Mohammed, and E. M. El-Rabaie, “Ultra-High bit rate all-optical AND/OR logic gates based on photonic crystal with multi-wavelength simultaneous operation,” J. Mod. Optic., vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1–12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2019.1598587.Search in Google Scholar
[13] H. M. E. Hussein, T. A. Ali, and N. H. Rafat, “New designs of a complete set of Photonic Crystals logic gates,” Optic. Commun., vol. 411, pp. 175–181, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.11.043.Search in Google Scholar
[14] P. C. Dietrich, A. Fiore, G. Mark, T. M. Kamp, and S. Hofling, “GaAs integrated quantum photonics: Towards compact and multi-functional quantum photonic integrated circuits,” Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1–25, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201500321.Search in Google Scholar
[15] H. M. E. Hussein, T. A. Ali, and N. H. Rafat, “A review on the techniques for building all-optical photonic crystal logic gates,” Opt. Laser. Technol., vol. 106, pp. 385–397, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.04.018.Search in Google Scholar
[16] A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, and P. T. Omran, “All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators,” Opt. Quant. Electron., vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 3689–3703, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0238-7.Search in Google Scholar
[17] Y.-C Jiang, B. Liu, H.-F. Zhang, and X. K Kong, “Reconfigurable design of logic gates based on a two-dimensional photonic crystals waveguide structure,” Optic. Commun., vol. 332, pp. 359–365, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.07.038.Search in Google Scholar
[18] G. Kiyanoosh, M. Ali, C. Iman, and G. Dariush, “All-optical XOR and OR logic gates based on line and point defects in 2-D photoniccrystal,” Opt. Laser. Technol., vol. 78, pp. 139–142, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.10.013.Search in Google Scholar
[19] N. M. D’souza and V. Mathew, “Interference based square lattice photonic crystal logic gates working with different wavelengths,” Optic Laser. Technol., vol. 80, pp. 214–219, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.01.014.Search in Google Scholar
[20] J. O. Akinlami and A. O. Ashamu, “Optical properties of GaAs,” J. Semiconduct., vol. 34, no. 3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/34/3/032002.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
