Abstract
Biofuels are acting as a renewable replacement for petroleum fuels due to some environmental and economic benefits. They are prepared by blending a major portion of diesel fuel and a certain minor percentage of bio-oils, which provides less greenhouse gas (GHG) compared to pure diesel. Recently, bioethanol has been the most widely used biofuel for transportation. Bioethanol can be produced from different kinds of agricultural raw materials classified into three categories: simple sugars, starch, and lignocellulose. Use of bioethanol-blended gasoline fuel for automobiles can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust GHG emission. Bioethanol from sugar cane, produced under the proper conditions, is essentially a clean fuel and has several clear advantages over petroleum-derived gasoline in reducing GHG emissions and improving air quality in metropolitan areas. However, there remains a compromise between GHG emission and saving of fossil fuel energy by introducing bioethanol either totally or as a blending component of engine fuel. Thus, considering biofuel as a replenishable energy source, the future pathway of energy management could be planned.
About the authors
Emad Sadeghinezhad received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, and his Master of Engineering Science degree from the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer, fouling, and thermodynamics from University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling, its mitigation and heat exchanging devices, renewable energy, and nanofluids.
Salim N. Kazi has 18 years of engineering service experience in the petrochemical industries. His academic background includes a BSc in Mechanical Engineering, a Masters in Mechanical Engineering, and a PhD in Chemical and Materials Engineering. He has 49 technical papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He has worked as a consultant of Crown Agents Services Ltd. At present he is working as an academic in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ahmad Badaruddin received his Master of Engineering degree from the University of London, UK, and his PhD from Cranfield University, UK, in turbulence modeling. His area of expertise includes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (hybrid flow solver development, large eddy simulation, synthetic turbulence, heat transfer with nanofluids, multiphase flow with phase change, building and environment). At present he is a member of the academic staff of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hussein Togun is a PhD student at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, under the supervision of Dr. Kazi Md. Newaz Salim. In 2002, he received his BSc in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, and in 2006 his MSc in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Baghdad, Iraq. He is a senior lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Thi-qar, Nassiriya, Iraq.
Mohd Nashrul Bin Mohd Zubir received his Bachelor of Eengineering degree from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, and his Master of Engineering Science (Research) from Monash University, Australia. He is now pursuing his PhD in the field of heat transfer and thermodynamics at the University of Malaya. His major interests are heat transfer fluids, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, fouling and its mitigation, and heat exchanging devices.
Cheen Sean Oon graduated from the University of Malaysia Perlis with a major in Mechanical Engineering in 2010. He received the Graduate Engineer award from the Board of Engineering Malaysia in 2011. He received a Fellowship Award for further studies and obtained his master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Malaya. C.S. Oon has published more than six technical papers on heat transfer research.
Samira Gharehkhani received her bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Mazandaran, Babol, Iran, and her master’s in mechanical engineering from the Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran. She has worked as an engineer at Sazeh Consultants Co. in the field of oil and gas industry. She is now pursuing her PhD in the field of heat transfer at the University of Malaya. Her major interests are heat transfer to pulp suspension, numerical and experimental multiphase flow, and radiation heat transfer.
The authors gratefully acknowledge High Impact Research Grant UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/45, IPPP grant PV113/2011A, UMRG grant RP012C-13AET, and University of Malaya, Malaysia, for support to conduct this research work.
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