Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter May 6, 2020

The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) – Microdata on household wealth in Germany

  • Kristina Altmann , René Bernard , Julia Le Blanc , Enikö Gabor-Toth , Malik Hebbat , Lisa Kothmayr , Tobias Schmidt ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Panagiota Tzamourani , Daniel Werner and Junyi Zhu
From the journal German Economic Review

Abstract

The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) has established itself as one of the leading sources of microdata on households’ wealth in Germany since its inception in 2010. Over the last ten years, more than 7,583 households have participated in the surveys in 2010–11, 2014 and 2017, many of them taking part more than once (3,734 households). This paper provides an overview of the contents, main methodological aspects and use of the PHF data. It also highlights differences to other surveys and addresses how the survey may develop in the future.

JEL Classification: C83; D10; D14; D31

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the former head of the PHF project Ulf von Kalckreuth and Martin Eisele for their contributions to the success of Wave 1 of the PHF. We also thank all members of the Household Finance and Consumption Network for their valuable comments and suggestions on how to design wealth surveys. This paper represents the authors’ personal opinions and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Eurosystem or its staff.

References

Adam, K., and P. Tzamourani. 2016. “Distributional Consequences of Asset Price Inflation in the Euro Area.” European Economic Review 89:172–192. 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.07.005Search in Google Scholar

Adam, K., and J. Zhu. 2015. “Price Level Changes and the Redistribution of Nominal Wealth Across the Euro Area.” Journal of the European Economic Association. 10.1111/jeea.12155. Search in Google Scholar

Ampudia, M., R. Cooper, J. Le Blanc, and G. Zhu. 2018. “MPC Heterogeneity in Europe: Sources and Implications.” NBER Working paper 25082. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 10.3386/w25082Search in Google Scholar

Alik-Lagrange, A., and T. Schmidt. 2015. “The Pattern of Home Ownership Across Cohorts and Its Impact on the Net Wealth Distribution: Empirical Evidence from Germany and the US.” Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 11/2015. Frankfurt am Main. 10.2139/ssrn.2797036Search in Google Scholar

Arrondel, L., L. Bartiloro, P. Fessler, P. Lindner, T. Y. Mathä, C. Rampazzi, F. Savignac, T. Schmidt, M. Schürz, and P. Vermeulen. 2016. “How do Households Allocate Their Assets? Stylised Facts from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey.” International Journal of Central Banking June: 129–220. Search in Google Scholar

Bezrukovs, D. 2013. “The Role of Housing in Wealth Inequality in Eurozone Countries.” mimeo. Presented at the ECB Conference on Household Finance and Consumption, 17–18 October 2013. Search in Google Scholar

Bezrukovs, D., and P. Tzamourani. 2017. “Homeownership in Germany: Is There an East-West Divide?” mimeo. Presented at the 2017 American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association (AREUEA) international conference, Amsterdam, 4–5 July. Search in Google Scholar

Bover, O., J. M. Casado, S. Costa, P. D. Caju, Y. McCarthy, E. Sierminska, P. Tzamourani, E. Villanueva, and T. Zavadil. 2016. “The Distribution of Debt Across Euro Area Countries: The Role of Individual Characteristics, Institutions and Credit Conditions.” International Journal of Central Banking June: 71–128. Search in Google Scholar

Brenner, L. 2019. The Impact of Family and Friends Support on Risky Asset Ownership. mimeo. Search in Google Scholar

D’Acunto, F., M. Prokopczuk, and M. Weber. 2019. “Historical Antisemitism, Ethnic Specialization, and Financial Development.” Review of Economic Studies 86:1170–1206. 10.3386/w23785Search in Google Scholar

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2019a. “Household Wealth and Finances in Germany: Results of the 2017 Survey.” Monthly Report April 2019, 13–41, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2019b. “The Relevance of Surveys of Expectations for the Deutsche Bundesbank.” Monthly Report December 2019, 53–72, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2017. “Payment Behaviour in Germany in 2017 – Fourth Study of the Utilisation of Cash and Cashless Payment Instruments.” Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2016. “Household Wealth and Finances in Germany: Results of the 2014 Survey.” Monthly Report March 2016, 57–82, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2013. “Household Wealth and Finances in Germany: Results of the Bundesbank Survey.” Monthly Report March 2016, 23–49, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Dräger, L., and G. Nghiem. 2018. “Are Consumers Spending Decisions in Line with an Euler Equation?” Gutenberg School of Management and Economics & Research Unit ‘Interdisciplinary Public Policy’ Discussion Paper Series 1802, Mainz. Search in Google Scholar

European Central Bank. 2013. “The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey – Results from the First Wave.” Statistical Paper Series 2, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Goldfayn-Frank, O., and J. Wohlfart. 2019. “Expectation Formation in a New Environment: Evidence from the German Reunification.” Journal of Monetary Economics. 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.08.001. Search in Google Scholar

Gouskova, E., S. Heeringa, K. McGonagle, R. Schoeni, and F. Stafford. 2008. “Panel Study of Income Dynamics Revised Longitudinal Weights 1993–2005.” Panel Study of Income Dynamics Technical Paper Series, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Search in Google Scholar

Kaas, L., G. Kocharkov, and E. Preugschat. 2019a. “Does Homeownership Promote Wealth Accumulation?” Applied Economic Letters 26:1186–1191. 10.1080/13504851.2018.1542117Search in Google Scholar

Kaas, L., G. Kocharkov, and E. Preugschat. 2019b. “Wealth Inequality and Homeownership in Europe.” Annals of Economics and Statistics 136:27–54. 10.15609/annaeconstat2009.136.0027Search in Google Scholar

von Kalckreuth, U., M. Eisele, J. Le Blanc, T. Schmidt, and J. Zhu. 2012. “The PHF: A Comprehensive Panel Survey on Household Finances and Wealth in Germany.” Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 13/2012, Frankfurt am Main. 10.2139/ssrn.2796868Search in Google Scholar

Kindermann, F., J. Le Blanc, M. Piazzesi, and M. Schneider. 2019. “Expectations During the German House Price Boom.” mimeo. Search in Google Scholar

Knerr, P., F. Aust, N. Chudziak, R. Gilberg, and M. Kleudgen. 2015. “Methodenbericht Private Haushalte und Ihre Finanzen (PHF). Erhebungswelle 2014. Anonymisierte Fassung.” infas, Bonn. Search in Google Scholar

Knerr, P., F. Aust, N. Chudziak, and M. Kleudgen. 2018. “Methodenbericht Private Haushalte und Ihre Finanzen (PHF) 3. Erhebungswelle 2017. Anonymisierte Fassung.” infas, Bonn. Search in Google Scholar

Kreutzmann, A.-K., P. Marek, N. Salvati, and T. Schmid. 2019. “Estimating Regional Wealth in Germany: How Different Are East and West Really?” Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 35/2019, Frankfurt am Main. 10.2139/ssrn.3473030Search in Google Scholar

Lamarche, P. 2017. “Estimating Consumption in the HFCS – Experimental Results on the First Wave of the HFCS.” Statistical Paper Series 22, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main. Search in Google Scholar

Le Blanc, J., A. Porpiglia, F. Teppa, J. Zhu, and M. Ziegelmeyer. 2016. “Household Saving Behavior in the Euro Area.” International Journal of Central Banking June: 15–70. Search in Google Scholar

Metzger, Christoph. 2018. “Intra-household Allocation of Non-mandatory Retirement Savings.” The Journal of the Economics of Ageing 12:77–87. 10.1016/j.jeoa.2018.02.001Search in Google Scholar

Meyll, T., and T. Pauls. 2019. “The Gender Gap in Over-indebtedness.” Finance Research Letters 31:398–404. 10.1016/j.frl.2018.12.007Search in Google Scholar

Meyll, T., T. Pauls, and A. Walter. 2019. “Why do Households Leave Money on the Table? The Case of Subsidized Pension Products.” Journal of Behavioral Finance. 10.1080/15427560.2019.1692209. Search in Google Scholar

Mietzner, M., and M. Molterer. 2018. “You Might Not Get What You Need: The Discrepancy Between Financial Advice and Commissions in Germany.” Economics Letters 162:167–170. 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.11.004Search in Google Scholar

Oehler, A., M. Horn, and F. Wedlich. 2018. “‘Young Adults’ Subjective and Objective Risk Attitude in Financial Decision Making: Evidence from the Lab and the Field.” Review of Behavioral Finance 10:274–294. 10.1108/RBF-07-2017-0069Search in Google Scholar

Pasteau, E., and J. Zhu. 2018. “Love and Money with Inheritance: Marital Sorting by Labor Income and Inherited Wealth in the Modern Partnership.” Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 23/2018, Frankfurt am Main. 10.2139/ssrn.3234187Search in Google Scholar

Pforr, K., M. Blohm, A. G. Blom, B. Erdel, B. Felderer, M. Fräßdorf, K. Hajek, S. Helmschrott, C. Kleinert, A. Koch, U. Krieger, M. Kroh, S. Martin, D. Saßenroth, C. Schmiedeberg, E. Trüdinger, and B. Rammstedt. 2015. “Are Incentive Effects on Response Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Large-scale, Face-to-face Surveys Generalizable to Germany? Evidence from Ten Experiments.” Public Opinion Quarterly 79:740–768. 10.1093/poq/nfv014Search in Google Scholar

Rubin, D. B. 1987. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: Wiley. 10.1002/9780470316696Search in Google Scholar

Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. 2014. “Analyse: Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung in Deutschland.” Jahresgutachten 2014/2015, Wiesbaden. Search in Google Scholar

Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. 2019. “Aufstiegschancen Sichern, Arbeitsanreize Stärken.” Jahresgutachten 2019/2020, Wiesbaden. Search in Google Scholar

Sánchez-Muñoz, C., and P. Tzamourani. 2008. “Developing the Questionnaire for the Eurosystem Survey on Household Finance and Consumption.” European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, Rome, July 2008. Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, T., and M. Eisele. 2013. “Oversampling Vermögender Haushalte im Rahmen der Studie ‘Private Haushalte und Ihre Finanzen (PHF)’.” In Weiterentwicklung der amtlichen Haushaltsstatistiken, edited by T. Riede, S. Bechtold, and N. Ott. Berlin: Scivero Verlag. Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, T., and P. Tzamourani. 2017. “Zur Finanziellen Bildung der Privaten Haushalte in Deutschland: Ausgewählte Ergebnisse aus der Studie ‘Private Haushalte und Ihre Finanzen (PHF)’.” DIW Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 86:31–49. 10.3790/vjh.86.4.31Search in Google Scholar

Siegers, R., V. Belcheva, and T. Silbermann. 2019. “Documentation of Sample Sizes and Panel Attrition in the German Socio Economic Panel (SOEP) (1984 Until 2017).” SOEP Survey Papers 606, Series C – Data Documentation, Berlin. Search in Google Scholar

Stolper, O. 2018. “It Takes Two to Tango: Households’ Response to Financial Advice and the Role of Financial Literacy.” Journal of Banking & Finance 92:295–310. 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.04.014Search in Google Scholar

Stolper, O. A., and A. Walter. 2017. “Financial Literacy, Financial Advice, and Financial Behaviour.” Journal of Business Economics 87:581–643. 10.1007/s11573-017-0853-9Search in Google Scholar

Tzamourani, P. 2015. “Constructing Cross-sectional Weights for the German Panel on Household Finances.” In JSM Proceedings, Social Statistics Section, 3462–3469. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. Search in Google Scholar

Tzamourani, P. 2019. “The Interest Rate Exposure of Euro Area Households.” Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper 1/2019, Frankfurt am Main. 10.2139/ssrn.3331454Search in Google Scholar

Vermeulen, P. 2016. “How Fat is the Top Tail of the Wealth Distribution?.” Review of Income and Wealth 64:357–387. 10.1111/roiw.12279Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, J., and M. Eisele. 2013. Multiple Imputation in a Complex Household Survey – the German Panel on Household Finances (PHF): Challenges and Solutions. mimeo. Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2020-05-06
Published in Print: 2020-09-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 1.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ger-2019-0122/html
Scroll to top button