Abstract
Ultrafine-grained, nanophase samples of TiO2 (rutile) were synthesized by the gas-condensation method and subsequent in situ compaction. The samples were studied by a number of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, Vickers microharness measurements, and positron annihilation spectroscopy, as a function of sintering temperature. The nanophase compacts with average initial grain sizes of 12 nm were found to densify rapidly above 500 °C, with only a small increase in grain size. The hardness values obtained by this method are comparable to or greater than those for coarser-grained compacts, but are achieved at temperatures 400 to 600 °C lower than conventional sintering temperatures and without the need for sintering aids.
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Siegel, R.W., Ramasamy, S., Hahn, H. et al. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of nanophase TiO2. Journal of Materials Research 3, 1367–1372 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1988.1367
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1988.1367