Abstract
Nanophase particles with precisely controlled characteristics are made by oxidation of their halide vapors in electrically assisted hydrocarbon flames using needle-shaped or plate electrodes. The particle size and crystallinity decrease with increasing field strength across the flame. The field generated by the electrodes across the flame decreases the particle residence time in the high temperature region of the flame. Furthermore, it charges the newly formed particles, resulting in electrostatic repulsion and dispersion that decreases particle growth by coagulation. Electric fields reduced the primary particle size of TiO2, the agglomerate size of SnO2, and both the agglomerate and primary size of SiO2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. P. Andres, R. S. Averback, W. L. Brown, L. E. Brus, W. A. Goddard III, A. Kaldor, S. G. Louie, M. Moscovits, P. S. Peercy, S. J. Riely, R. W. Siegel, F. Spaepen, and Y. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 4, 704 (1989).
N. Ichinose, Y. Ozaki, and S. Kashu, Superfine Particle Technology (Springer-Verlag, London, 1992).
G. D. Ulrich, C&EN, 62(8), 22 (1984).
D. R. Hardesty and F. J. Weinberg, Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1973) p. 1365.
J. K. Katz and C-H. Hung, Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990) p. 1733.
Y. Xiong, S. E. Pratsinis, and S. V. R. Mastrangelo, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 153, 106 (1992).
S. Vemury and S. E. Pratsinis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3275 (1995).
S. E. Pratsnis, W. Zhu, and S. Vemury, Powder Technol. 86, 87 (1996).
E. J. Mezey, in Vapor Deposition, edited by C. F. Powell, J. H. Oxley, and J. M. Blocher, Jr. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966), 423.
D. F. Ollis, E. Pelizzetti, and N. Serpone, Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1523 (1991).
M. R. Bankmann, R. Brand, B. H. Engler, and J. Ohmer, Catal. Today 14, 225 (1992).
J. R. Bautista and R. M. Atkins, J. Aerosol Sci. 22, 667 (1991).
E. U-K. Kim and I. Yasui, J. Mater. Sci. 23, 637 (1988).
R. Vijayakumar and K. T. Whitby, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 3, 17 (1984).
S. Vemury and S. E. Pratsinis, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78, 2984–2992 (1995).
A. Kobata, K. Kusakabe, and S. Morooka, AlChE J. 37, 347–359 (1991).
S. Vemury, Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Effect of Charging, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cincinnati (1996).
T. Matsoukas and S. K. Friedlander, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 146, 495 (1991).
P. G. Harrison and M. J. Willett, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 85 1921–1932 (1989).
M. Astier and P. Vergnon, J. Solid State Chem. 19, 67 (1976).
W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, and D. R. Uhlmann, Introduction to Ceramics (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1976).
R. D. Shannon and J. A. Pask, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 48, 391 (1965).
K. G. Payne and F. J. Weinberg, Proc. R. Soc A250, 316 (1959).
D. Bradley and M. A. M. Jamel, Comb. Flame 58, 115 (1984).
D. Bradley, in Advanced Combustion Processes, edited by F. J. Weinberg (Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1986), 331.
E. Sher, G. Pinhasi, A. Pokryvailo, and R. Baron, Combustion Flame 94, 244 (1993).
G. P. Fotou, S. E. Pratsinis, and P. A. Baron, Chem. Eng. Sci. 49, 1651 (1994).
G. Kasper, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 81, 32 (1981).
M. Adachi, Y. Kousaka, and K. Okuyama, J. Aerosol Sci. 16, 109 (1985).
A. Wiedensohler, J. Aerosol Sci. 19, 387 (1988).
M. K. Akhtar, Y. Xiong, and S. E. Pratsinis, AlChE J. 37, 1561–1570 (1991).
S. Vemury and S. E. Pratsinis, J. Aerosol Sci. 27, 951 (1996).
W. Koch and S. K. Friedlander, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 140, 419 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vemury, S., Pratsinis, S.E. & Kibbey, L. Electrically controlled flame synthesis of nanophase TiO2, SiO2, and SnO2 powders. Journal of Materials Research 12, 1031–1042 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0144
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0144