Abstract
The diffuse phase transition (DPT) characteristics and the associated defect mechanism of Na-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) relaxor perovskite were studied. The enhanced DPT and the decrease in the intensity of the superlattice reflection were observed in the presence of Na2O. These contradictory observations were interpreted in terms of the inhibition of the growth of the 1 : 1 nonstoichiometric short-range ordered domains and the increase in the microcompositional fluctuation of the B-site cations caused by the formation of negatively charged Na′Mg sites. The mechanism of the associated defect process was then elucidated by analyzing the electrical conductivity as a function of the oxygen partial pressure. It was shown that the substitution of Na+ ions for Mg2+ ions in the B-site sublattice of perovskite PMN produced the negatively charged \({\text{N}}{{\text{a'}}_{{\text{Mg}}}}\) sites with a concomitant generation of oxygen vacancies \(({V_{\text{O}}}^{\prime \prime })\) for the ionic compensation. This expedites the enhancement of the compositional inhomogeneities of the B-site cations and suppresses the growth of the nonstoichiometrically ordered nanodomains in a disordered matrix.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. A. Smolenskii, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 28 (suppl.), 26 (1970).
L. E. Cross, Ferroelectrics 76, 241 (1987).
T. R. Shrout and A. Halliyal, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 66, 704 (1987).
S. Nomura and K. Uchino, Ferroelectrics 50, 197 (1983).
K. Uchino, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65, 647 (1986).
C. E. Wheeler and B.G. Pazol, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 70, 117 (1991).
K. Uchino, S. Nomura, L.E. Cross, R.E. Newnham, and S.J. Jang, J. Mater. Sci. 16, 569 (1981).
K. Uchino, Y. Tsuchiya, S. Nomura, T. Sato, H. Ishikawa, and O. Ikeda, Appl. Opt. 20, 3077 (1981).
K. Uchino, J. Kuwata, S. Nomura, L.E. Cross, and R.E. Newnham, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 20, (supp. 20-4), 171 (1981).
N. Y. Kudo and T. Ono, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 3081 (1992).
S. Nomura and K. Uchino, Ferroelectrics 41, 117 (1982).
M.P. Harmer, J. Chen, P. Peng, H. M. Chan, and D.M. Smyth, Ferroelectrics 97, 263 (1989).
N. Setter and L. E. Cross, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4356 (1980).
P. Groves, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 19, 118 (1986).
J. Chen, H.M. Chan, and M. P. Harmer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72, 593 (1989).
Z. Wu, Z. Gui, L. Li, and X. Zhang, J. Appl. Phys. 72, 5822 (1992).
D. Viehland and J-F. Li, J. Appl. Phys. 74, 4121 (1993).
S. L. Swartz and T. R. Shrout, Mater Res. Bull. 17, 1245 (1982).
H. M. Jang, K-M. Lee, and M-H. Lee, J. Mater. Res. 9, 2634 (1994).
F. Izumi, J. Cryst. Soc. Jpn. 27, 23 (1985).
G. M. Smolenskii, Proc. 2nd Int. Meet. Ferroelectr. (IMF–2), 1969 (1970), p. 26.
B. N. Rolov, Sov. Phys.-Solid State (Engl. Transl.) 6, 1676 (1965).
S. M. Pilgrim, A. E. Sutherland, and S.R. Winzer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 3122 (1990).
H-C. Wang and W. A. Schultz, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 825 (1990).
A. D. Hilton, D. J. Barber, C. A. Randall, and T. R. Shrout, J. Mater. Sci. 25, 3461 (1990).
J. R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987), Chap. 4.
J. Dudek, and Z. Wróbel, Ferroelectrics 18, 161 (1978).
F. Izumi, M. Mitomo, and Y. Bando, J. Mater. Sci. 19, 3115 (1984).
R. A. Young and D.B. Wiles, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 15, 430 (1982).
A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, Electroceramics (Chapman and Hall), Chap. 2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, KM., Jang, H.M. Enhanced diffuse phase transition and defect mechanism of Na-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 relaxor ferroelectrics. Journal of Materials Research 12, 1614–1624 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0221
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0221