Abstract
The thermodynamic stability of tetragonal (t-) ZrO2 nanocrystallites below the bulk stability temperature 1200 °C was studied through specially synthesized crystallites that exhibited an extremely slow coarsening rate. The nanocrystallites were mechanically transformed to the monoclinic (m-) structure, and, because the crystallite size was kept below approximately 20 nm, the t-structure was completely recovered solely by thermal treatments between 900 and 1100 °C. These results gave strong evidence to the notion that, for sufficiently small crystallite size, nanocrystalline t-ZrO2 is not just kinetically metastable but can be truly thermodynamically more stable than the mpolymorph in air below 1200 °C.
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Wu, NL., Wu, TF. & Rusakova, I.A. Thermodynamic stability of tetragonal zirconia nanocrystallites. Journal of Materials Research 16, 666–669 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2001.0114
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2001.0114