Abstract
A series of photochromic sol-gel films are prepared through entrapping tungsten heteropolyoxometallates (PW12O403−, SiW12O404−) and molybdenum heteropolyoxometallate (PMo12O403−) into a kind of inorganic–organic matrix cohydrolyzed from tetraethylorthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The films show reversible photochromicity. Irradiated with ultraviolet light, the transparent films change from colorless to blue. Then, bleaching occurs when the films are in contact with air or O2 in the dark. The Keggin-type polyanions interact with R–NH3+ cations strongly, and thus disperse uniformly in the sol-gel matrix, as proved by Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray diffraction. The molybdenum heteropolyoxometallate sol-gel film has higher photochromic efficiency and much slower bleaching than its counterparts of tungsten heteropolyoxometallate. A charge-transfer model which is supported by electron spin resonance and related literature [T. Yamase, Chem. Rev. 98, 307, (1998)] is put forth to explain the above experimental results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.H. Brown, Photochromism (Wiley, New York, 1971), p. 633.
J.N. Yao, K. Kashimoto, and A. Fujishima, Nature 355, 624 (1992).
J.N. Yao, P. Chen, and A. Fujishima, J. Electroanal. Chem. 406, 223 (1996).
R.J. Colton, A.M. Guzman, and J.W. Rabalais, Acc. Chem. Res. 11, 170 (1978).
C. Bechinger, S. Ferrere, A. Zaban, J. Sprague, and B.A. Gregg, Nature 383, 608 (1996).
M. Sun, N. Xu, Y.W. Cao, J.N. Yao, and E.G. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 15, 927 (2000).
M.T. Pope, Heteropoly and Isopolyoxometalates (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983), pp. 29, 101.
T. Yamase, Chem. Rev. 98, 307 (1998).
C. Sanchez and F. Ribot, New J. Chem. 18, 1007 (1994).
O. Lev, M. Tsionsky, L. Rabinovich, V. Giezer, S. Sampath, I. Pankratov, and J. Gun, Anal. Chem. 67, 22A (1995).
C.J. Brinker and G.W. Scherrer, in Sol-Gel Science, Applications (Academic, San Diego, CA, 1990), p. 839.
P. Judeinstein, P.W. Oliveira, H. Krug, and H. Schmidt, Chem. Phys. Lett. 220, 35 (1994).
P. Judeinstein and H. Schmidt, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 3, 189 (1994).
P. Judeinstein, P.W. Oliveira, H. Krug, and H. Schmidt, Adv. Mater. Opt. Electron. 7, 123 (1997).
Y.G. Mo, R.O. Dillon, P.G. Snyder, and T.E. Tiwald, Thin Solid Films 355–356, 1 (1999).
P.A. Buining, B.M. Humbel, A.P. Philipse, and A.J. Verkleij, Langmuir 13, 3921 (1997).
C.H. Chiang and J.L. Koening, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 83, 361 (1981).
E.T. Vandenberg, L. Bertilsson, B. Liedbery, K. Uvdal, R. Erlandsson, H. Elwing, and I. Lundstrom, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 147, 103 (1991).
C. Rocchiccioli-Deltcheff, M. Fournier, R. Frank, and R. Thouvrnoc, Inorg. Chem. 22, 207 (1983).
M. Hasik, A. Pron, J. Pozniczek, A. Bielanski, Z. Piwowarska, K. Kruczala, and R. Dziembaj, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 90, 2099 (1994).
N. Casan-Pastor, P. Gomez-Romero, G.B. Jameson, and L.C.M. Baker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5658 (1991).
E.B. Wang, L. Xu, and R.D. Huang, Scientia Sinia, Ser. B, 11, 1121 (1991).
B.V. Zhmud and J. Sonnefeld, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 195, 16 (1996).
E. Papaconstaninou, Chem. Soc. Rev. 18, 1 (1989).
M.T. Pope, in Mixed-Valence Compounds, Heteropoly Blues, edited by D.B. Brown (D. Reidel, Oxford, 1979), p. 365.
C. Sanchez, J. Livage, J.P. Launay, M. Fournier, and Y. Jeannin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 3194 (1982).
K. Fricke, H.G. Jerschkavitz, and G. Olmann, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 83, 3115 (1987).
T. Yamase, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 11, 3055 (1991).
M.T. Pope and G.M. Varga, Jr., Inorg. Chem. 5, 1249 (1966) and references therein.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, T.R., Feng, W., Bao, C.Y. et al. Fabrication of heteropolyoxometalate-based photochromic inorganic–organic nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Research 16, 22 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2001.0310
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2001.0310